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= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

===Review of UFR Studies and Choice of Test Case=== ==Test Case==

...UFR 3-18 Description|references=UFR 3-18 References|testcase=UFR 3-18 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-18 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-18 Quality Review|bestpr [2] Obi S., Aoki K. and Madsuda S., &ldquo;Experimental and computational study of turbulent separating flow in an asymmetric plane diffuser&rdquo;, 9<sup>

...UFR 1-02 Description|references=UFR 1-02 References|testcase=UFR 1-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-02 Quality Review|bestpr ..., Zilliac, G., Chow, J., Bradshaw, P., 1995, &ldquo;Numerical/Experimental study of a wing-tip vortex in the near field&rdquo; AIAA Journal Vol.33, No 9, pa

...as the curved backward facing step (see [[UFR 3-31 Test Case|UFR 3-31 Test Case]])[&#8204;[[UFR_3-36_References#3|3]]][&#8204;[[UFR_3-36_References#4|4]]] ...ynold-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models as well as an experimental test case designed by NASA [&#8204;[[UFR_3-36_References#6|6]]].

...UFR 4-04 Description|references=UFR 4-04 References|testcase=UFR 4-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-04 Quality Review|bestpr ...w in curved ducts of &ldquo;large&rdquo; aspect ratio has been measured to study the effect of convex or concave curvature on a nominally two-dimensional tu

...UFR 4-06 Description|references=UFR 4-06 References|testcase=UFR 4-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-06 Quality Review|bestpr Based on the study test case and a review of related studies it is possible to make the following recomm

...mical and agricultural applications of sprays in flowing environments. The study examines spray from a small low-pressure PSA exposed to low-turbulence cros ...erical simulations of the disperse two-phase flow case. The case allows to study 1) liquid discharge and sheet formation, the primary break-up of the liquid

...UFR 4-04 Description|references=UFR 4-04 References|testcase=UFR 4-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-04 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 4-04 Description|references=UFR 4-04 References|testcase=UFR 4-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-04 Quality Review|bestpr Based on the study test case and a review of related studies it is possible to make the following recomm

...test it in turbulent flows requiring a geometrically simple reference test case composed of a thin flexible structure within the turbulent flow regime. A d this study is an interesting benchmark case for FSI in turbulent flow

...UFR 3-18 Description|references=UFR 3-18 References|testcase=UFR 3-18 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-18 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-18 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 2-07 Description|references=UFR 2-07 References|testcase=UFR 2-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-07 Quality Review|bestpr This study highlights the importance of the back pressure in numerically modeling an e

...UFR 4-08 Description|references=UFR 4-08 References|testcase=UFR 4-08 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-08 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-08 Quality Review|bestpr ...lent orifice flow in hydropower applications, a numerical and experimental study. Ph.D. Thesis KTH Stockholm, http://media.lib.kth.se/kthdiss.asp (2001)

...UFR 3-12 Description|references=UFR 3-12 References|testcase=UFR 3-12 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-12 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-12 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

exposed to turbulent flows (outdoor tents, awnings...). To study these based on a laminar benchmark. A 3D turbulent test case was also calculated to prove the applicability of the newly developed

...UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpr ...e) it would be of great value to continue the numerical study of this test case with such models of turbulence for closure, so as to update the assessment

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 2-07 Description|references=UFR 2-07 References|testcase=UFR 2-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-07 Quality Review|bestpr ...Rotor 37 is flawed due to a hub leakage [2], Rotor 67 was chosen for this study. Transonic, three-dimensional flows represent severe challenges for any num

...UFR 1-02 Description|references=UFR 1-02 References|testcase=UFR 1-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-02 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

The turbulent Channel Flow is one of the canonical flows used to study turbulence in wall bounded turbulence. DNS of turbulent channel flow were u Turbulent channel has been one of the canonical test cases to study the characteristics of wall bounded turbulence.

...UFR 4-06 Description|references=UFR 4-06 References|testcase=UFR 4-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-06 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 2-03 Description|references=UFR 2-03 References|testcase=UFR 2-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-03 Quality Review|bestpr ...aspect ratio to ensure good shock capturing during the shock movement. (A study is recommended).

...vior was measured for Mach~1.35 which is the “strong” case. For the “weak” case, Mach~1.25, the boundary layer remains attached along the diverging part of

...UFR 4-05 Description|references=UFR 4-05 References|testcase=UFR 4-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-05 Quality Review|bestpr ...ondary flows will be weak compared to decelerating flow. Furthermore, this study will mainly focus on the influence of the mesh and the turbulence model ont

...ption=UFR_2-02_Descr|references=UFR 2-02 References|testcase=UFR 2-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-02 Quality Review|bestpr ...h circular and square cross sections are considered; the actual study test case will be the flow around a square cylinder.

already quite complex due to the unsteady vortex shedding, but in the case of finite-height ...kness of the approach flow ''δ/h'' are the parameters in the finite-height case.

...UFR 3-06 Description|references=UFR 3-06 References|testcase=UFR 3-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-06 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

The present case consists of the flow through a wall bounded pin matrix in a staggered arran In addition to its interest for the complex underlying physics, this case is close to several industrial configurations found in internal cooling of

Our aim in the present test-case is to predict the following physical parameters: ...tion scheme. For High fidelity results, the finer mesh used in the present study is necessary.

...UFR 3-03 Description|references=UFR 3-03 References|testcase=UFR 3-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-03 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...most of the contributions focus on a certain part of the flow. The present study published in Wood et al. (2016) includes experimental investigations and la ...around hemispheres at a sub-critical Reynolds number of Re = 140,000. The study included different turbulent boundary layers classified in thin, smooth and

interesting area of research is the experimental and computational study of compressible The test case investigated in the current contribution under the framework of the

...UFR 3-05 Description|references=UFR 3-05 References|testcase=UFR 3-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-05 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 2-05 Description|references=UFR 2-05 References|testcase=UFR 2-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-05 Quality Review|bestpr 4. A. Jirásek, P.Eliasson and S Wallin (2001a). &ldquo;Computational Study of the High-Lift A-airfoil&rdquo;. AIAA 2001-0708

A purpose of this document is to provide a summary of findings of such a study undertaken in the framework of the EU Research Collaborative == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...ption=UFR_2-02_Descr|references=UFR 2-02 References|testcase=UFR 2-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-02 Quality Review|bestpr Bearman, P. and Obajasu (1982): An experimental study of the pressure fluctuations on fixed and oscillating square-section cylind

...UFR 4-05 Description|references=UFR 4-05 References|testcase=UFR 4-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-05 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-12 Description|references=UFR 3-12 References|testcase=UFR 3-12 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-12 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-12 Quality Review|bestpr ...unders k-&epsilon; v²-f) which are all applied to a single test case, namely the flow around a turbine rotor blade.

...UFR 1-02 Description|references=UFR 1-02 References|testcase=UFR 1-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-02 Quality Review|bestpr ...nce model, some conclusions relevant to best practice advice for this test case has been provided by Dacles-Mariani et al (1995), as follows:

...UFR 2-03 Description|references=UFR 2-03 References|testcase=UFR 2-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-03 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

The prediction of the boundary layer and wake profiles for the L1T2 test case differ in a number of respects from the experiment. There is a tendency to ...The test case may be considered to be wholly two-dimensional. The test case may also be considered to be in free-air as the experimental data has been

...UFR 4-08 Description|references=UFR 4-08 References|testcase=UFR 4-08 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-08 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-08 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 4-06 Description|references=UFR 4-06 References|testcase=UFR 4-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-06 Quality Review|bestpr ...parisons of the CFD results with experimental data and then focuses on one study in more detail. The document concludes with best practice advice for CFD mo

...UFR 3-07 Description|references=UFR 3-07 References|testcase=UFR 3-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-07 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

= Description of Study Test Case = ...imental Set Up]]''). The <math>R e_{\text {in}}=1330</math>. The presented case is one of three inlet pressure cases (<math>p_{\text {in }}= \mathrm 0.25,

...UFR 2-01 Description|references=UFR 2-01 References|testcase=UFR 2-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-01 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...UFR 3-10 Description|references=UFR 3-10 References|testcase=UFR 3-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-10 Quality Review|bestpr ...der and Rodi (1981). The plane turbulent wall jet is a fairly complex test case, since there is interaction between the inner layer of the flow (from y = 0

...UFR 3-15 Description|references=UFR 3-15 References|testcase=UFR 3-15 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-15 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-15 Quality Review|bestpr ...R) documented here, the 2D backward facing step (BFS) flow is a well-known case. Since it is a simple geometry containing complex fluid dynamic features su

The subject of this Application Challenge is a study of the wind environment around a large airport terminal building (Figure 1) ...lates to an actual civil construction project. A comprehensive wind tunnel study was carried out by BMT on behalf of Atkins to assess the effect of ground l

...e, the shape of the velocity profile was accurately predicted. In a recent study it was demonstrated that only a marginal improvement in the accuracy of the It is recommended that the study be extended to address the effect of numerical and physical parameters (mes

...UFR 2-01 Description|references=UFR 2-01 References|testcase=UFR 2-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-01 Quality Review|bestpr Han, L. S., Cox, W. R. (1983), A Visual Study of Turbine Blade Pressure Side Boundary Layer, Journal of Engineering and P

...UFR 4-03 Description|references=UFR 4-03 References|testcase=UFR 4-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-03 Quality Review|bestpr The study of turbulent flows through a pipe rotating about its axis is of interest fo

...UFR 3-15 Description|references=UFR 3-15 References|testcase=UFR 3-15 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-15 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-15 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...l-defined flow conditions which makes it especially suited as '''benchmark case for computing separated flows''' and testing RANS and Hybrid LES-RANS metho ...and reattaches naturally at the flat channel bottom. The challenge of this case is to predict the point of separation from that curved surface which has a

...UFR 3-14 Description|references=UFR 3-14 References|testcase=UFR 3-14 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-14 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-14 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...study, but the Reynolds number is reduced to 2.78 million (40m/s), and the study is focused on slant angles close to the drag crisis, 25° and 35°. Two-com and this test case at:

...UFR 1-02 Description|references=UFR 1-02 References|testcase=UFR 1-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-02 Quality Review|bestpr There are four main areas where this underlying flow regime - tip clearance flow and wing/

...s errors since turbulent quantities like the Reynolds stress tensor or, in case of a two equation model, the turbulent kinetic energy and especially the di ...nt of the inlet boundary condition has to be estimated and we refer to the study done by Hahn et al.<ref name='hahn_investigation_2008'>F. Hahn, C. Olbricht

...UFR 4-05 Description|references=UFR 4-05 References|testcase=UFR 4-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-05 Quality Review|bestpr ...ations performed with the Spalart-Allmaras model in the scope of the AGARD study were performed at a time when this turbulent model was not “mature” enoug

...ption=UFR_2-02_Descr|references=UFR 2-02 References|testcase=UFR 2-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-02 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...ations and the lower parts show the measurements); (a) Case&nbsp;1; (b) Case&nbsp;2. ...the calculations in [[Evaluation_AC3-12#figure11|Figure&nbsp;11]] for Case&nbsp;2.

...with limited success broad-band tones using 2D meshes, particularly in the case with doors deployed at 90o. Further investigation for 3D effects may improv =='''Simulation Case'''==

...UFR 4-03 Description|references=UFR 4-03 References|testcase=UFR 4-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-03 Quality Review|bestpr ...g a longer time to reach statistical steady state than in the non-rotating case. Although at N&lt;2 a length [[Image:U4-03d32_files_image341.gif]] is suffi

...UFR 4-14 Description|references=UFR 4-14 References|testcase=UFR 4-14 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-14 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-14 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-06 Description|references=UFR 3-06 References|testcase=UFR 3-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-06 Quality Review|bestpr The study reported here has been published by D.P. Mikielewicz et al. in 2002 (1), it

...UFR 3-08 Description|references=UFR 3-08 References|testcase=UFR 3-08 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-08 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-08 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 1-02 Description|references=UFR 1-02 References|testcase=UFR 1-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-02 Quality Review|bestpr *BPA is based on a single computation of the chosen test case

''h/D''&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.5 case the mesh sizes Δ''z'' in vertical direction upper boundary. For the ''h/D''&nbsp;=&nbsp;5 case,

The test case is derived from testing of the M219 cavity model and formed part of a joint This test case from the M219 study, although simple in geometry, contains all the factors relevant to the mode

=='''Simulation Case CFD1'''== ...dimension. In this case the duct dimension used was 0.04m. No sensitivity study was carried on this parameter. From these parameters the values of the Reyn

...UFR 3-11 Description|references=UFR 3-11 References|testcase=UFR 3-11 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-11 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-11 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...calculations with the measurements the properties of the droplet phase for case 2 are considered. The profiles of the axial and radial mean velocities show ...low, one may obtain the droplet mass flow rate along the test section (for case 2 shown in Fig. 8 b). Comparing measurement and prediction for the normalis

The HiFi-TURB-DLR rounded step test case is a case in which a turbulent boundary layer flows over a flat plate before reaching ...ing a planar geometry are thoroughly discussed in [[UFR_3-36|UFR 3-36 Test Case]].

...UFR 1-05 Description|references=UFR 1-05 References|testcase=UFR 1-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-05 Quality Review|bestpr This has probably been the most important application of the study of jets in cross flow. The problem is to minimise the loss in lifting force

...UFR 4-13 Description|references=UFR 4-13 References|testcase=UFR 4-13 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-13 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-13 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

= Description of Study Test Case =

...ombinations of Mach number and incidences. A set of 4 conditions (named as case 1-4) have also oil flow pictures, boundary layer measurements, and skin fri Computations have been performed at QINETIQ for the case 1,2,3, and 4 by using the following turbulence models :

considered UFR. This makes it an attractive test case (TC) for an objective evaluation of summary of results of a systematic study of this TC with the use of enhanced hybrid RANS-LES

...UFR 4-11 Description|references=UFR 4-11 References|testcase=UFR 4-11 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-11 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-11 Quality Review|bestpr A discretisation scheme comparison was not carried out in this study; the second order ('self-filtered central differencing') SFCD scheme was us

The goal of the study on which this AC is based has been to understand and control The present test case primarily relates to the flow in water turbines.

...of the steel pressure vessel in magnox gas-cooled reactor systems. In this case, a downward-flowing wall jet of hot gas meets a slow upward flow of cool ga ...Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) systems were used to study the mean flow and turbulence fields. Laser light sheet flow visualisation a

...UFR 4-10 Description|references=UFR 4-10 References|testcase=UFR 4-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-10 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

study of the flow in a three-dimensional diffuser conducted by == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

In this UFR case, one large recirculation cell is present which fills almost the entire cubi ...to ensure the grid is providing (nearly) grid-independent results. In this case, the grid with 3,437,056 cells provided nearly grid-independent results.

...UFR 4-11 Description|references=UFR 4-11 References|testcase=UFR 4-11 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-11 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-11 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-07 Description|references=UFR 3-07 References|testcase=UFR 3-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-07 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...UFR 1-01 Description|references=UFR 1-01 References|testcase=UFR 1-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-01 Quality Review|bestpr ...ds). The boundaries of what was the potential core in the above (subsonic) case are now characterised by the outer boundary of the shock cells, outside of

...UFR 3-06 Description|references=UFR 3-06 References|testcase=UFR 3-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-06 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

flexible splitter plate considered in the present study and the ...d grids either for the subset and for the full case are used. In the first case the entire grid consists of about 13.5 million control volumes (CVs). For t

...UFR 4-09 Description|references=UFR 4-09 References|testcase=UFR 4-09 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-09 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-09 Quality Review|bestpr == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...UFR 3-03 Description|references=UFR 3-03 References|testcase=UFR 3-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-03 Quality Review|bestpr Driver, D. M. and Johnston, J. P. (1990), &ldquo;Experimental study of a three-dimensional shear-driven turbulent boundary layer with streamwis

...UFR 4-02 Description|references=UFR 4-02 References|testcase=UFR 4-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-02 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...l. For grid details please refer to the previous section ("[[UFR 3-36 Test Case#CFD Methods|CFD Methods]]"). Otherwise, standard rules of grid generation a ...lmaras turbulence model ( the SA-neg variant) was applied. Results of this study are given in [[UFR_3-36_Test_Case#figure7|Fig. 7]]. Minor deviations (not v

...UFR 2-05 Description|references=UFR 2-05 References|testcase=UFR 2-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-05 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-13 Description|references=UFR 3-13 References|testcase=UFR 3-13 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-13 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-13 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-08 Description|references=UFR 3-08 References|testcase=UFR 3-08 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-08 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-08 Quality Review|bestpr ...eroid. ''AGARD FDP WG-14 Experimental test cases for C FD validation, Test Case ID: GE-20''

...UFR 4-11 Description|references=UFR 4-11 References|testcase=UFR 4-11 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-11 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-11 Quality Review|bestpr In comparing the CFD calculations with experiment, Run 03 is used as a 'base case' against which the effects of the various modelling refinements are judged:

...UFR 2-01 Description|references=UFR 2-01 References|testcase=UFR 2-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-01 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...math>. In the present investigation a block-structured grid for the subset case is used. The entire grid consists of about 14 million control volumes (CVs) ...f the walls has to be high. For deforming grids such as in the present FSI case, it is furthermore crucial to keep a high quality grid after strong grid mo

...UFR 3-14 Description|references=UFR 3-14 References|testcase=UFR 3-14 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-14 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-14 Quality Review|bestpr ...umber dependence are less significant than they are for the more classical case of, for example, flow over a circular cylinder. On the other hand, in this

...UFR 2-03 Description|references=UFR 2-03 References|testcase=UFR 2-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-03 Quality Review|bestpr ...to show the representative efforts and status of CFD predictions for this case. In historical order these are: [11], [12] and [8] (pdf version available f

...UFR 4-03 Description|references=UFR 4-03 References|testcase=UFR 4-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-03 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...y EDF) have been carried out for a range of the test data. These include a study of the influence of the bulk velocity in the auxiliary pipe as indicated in The grid dependence study has been carried out with meshes of 100000, 400000, and 1500000 nodes for e

...nini, C., Marra, A.M., Procino, L., Ricciardelli, F.''', 2011. Wind tunnel study on the aerodynamics of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder in smooth flow, In: Proce ...Bosco, A.''', 2010. 3D flow around a rectangular cylinder: a computational study. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 98, 263&nbsp;&ndas

...UFR 3-10 Description|references=UFR 3-10 References|testcase=UFR 3-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-10 Quality Review|bestpr '''Eriksson, J., Karlsson, R.I. &amp; Persson, J.''' (1998) An Experimental Study of a Two-Dimensional Plane Turbulent Wall Jet. Exp Fluids 25: 50-60

A series of numerical simulations was undertaken to study a highly swirling turbulent Nine turbulence models are compared: four high-Reynolds number models URANS,

...nditions at Reynolds number 4.1 x 106 have been chosen for a more detailed study : • '''CASE 1'''

experimental data for four measurements stations after the shock-wave (h₁, h₂, h diffuser throat height,resulting in the following four stations:

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

results obtained for the two configurations (full and subset case) are compared. Based on this evaluation one case is chosen for a parameter study presented in the second section.

...UFR 3-10 Description|references=UFR 3-10 References|testcase=UFR 3-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-10 Quality Review|bestpr ...sulting data set is included in the ERCOFTAC data base and has been a test case at two ERCOFTAC/IAHR Workshops on Refined Turbulence Modelling (Paris 1996,

= Description of Study Test Case = ...H</i> = 1 was chosen as the reference height for both urban models. In the case of the lateral openings, all quantitates were measured at the right (labell

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...he effects that the relative end-wall/blade motion introduces to the flow. Four experimental cases arise from the combination of 2 tip-clearance heights an '''Case 1'''. The tip-clearance size is t/C=2% and the hub rotates at N=6540 rpm.

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...rom an integration on all grid cells from hub to shroud. For the LSCC test case at design point, Rautaheimo et al. (2001) have identified that when using t • To make a sensitivity study of the [[DOAPs]] to the number of grid points used in the streamwise direct

= Test Case Study = ...Young’s modulus of the rubber was determined based on a purely static test case to

...UFR 2-07 Description|references=UFR 2-07 References|testcase=UFR 2-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-07 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...have been reported by Guy et al (1999). One of the main objectives of this study was to establish whether buoyancy might cause the flow to become unstable, ...evidence, it was argued that this might indicate flow instability in this case.

...UFR 3-04 Description|references=UFR 3-04 References|testcase=UFR 3-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-04 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 2-06 Description|references=UFR 2-06 References|testcase=UFR 2-06 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-06 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-06 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 3-03 Description|references=UFR 3-03 References|testcase=UFR 3-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-03 Quality Review|bestpr ...dients. This effect has to be captured accurately by a turbulence model in case of a solution based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations

...influence on the wake: outlet at x=5L is generally used, but no systematic study have been performed. ...ery complex and precise specifications cannot be given. A grid sensitivity study is strongly advised, since the predictions are very sensitive to the mesh r

case (NACA0021 airfoil at 60° angle of attack, experiments of Swalwell&nbsp;'' *Thorough documentation of a test case suitable for the verification of either new developments or new imple

...ructure deformation and the turbulent flow field found in the present test case, experimentally and numerically obtained unsteady results are presented in Figure 11 is composed of four images of the instantaneous flow field (streamwise velocity component) expe

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...UFR 4-03 Description|references=UFR 4-03 References|testcase=UFR 4-03 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-03 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-03 Quality Review|bestpr Zeman O. (1995) The persistence of trailing vortices - a modelling study. ''Physics of Fluids'' '''7''', 135-143.

...additionally effects would overlap or compensate during such a parametric study. ...lt the combustion takes place too early. As shown above, in the isothermal case of this configuration, the k-epsilon model is generally able to predict the

...e test report [1]. For the four test conditions chosen for a more detailed study, skin friction and mean flow profile data in the boundary layers and wakes A number of runs have been made to study the surface flow by using a very thin layer of oil of high viscosity. Photo

...UFR 1-01 Description|references=UFR 1-01 References|testcase=UFR 1-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-01 Quality Review|bestpr ...taken from Cumber et al. (1994), shows the radial values of Mach number at four different downstream locations, as computed with the two models, alongside

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...UFR 3-15 Description|references=UFR 3-15 References|testcase=UFR 3-15 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-15 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-15 Quality Review|bestpr ''1: A refinement study is referenced showing that the resolution is appropriate.''

...ff-body burner, like the piloted burner, provides a flame suitable for the study of turbulence-chemistry interactions. Bluff-body burners also bear a great The bluff-body burner, provides a flame suitable for the study of turbulence-chemistry interactions. The bluff-body burner also bears a gr

= Test Case Studies = == Brief description of the study test case ==

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

Table EXP-A Summary description of Test Case 615B =='''Test case 615B'''==

...UFR 3-11 Description|references=UFR 3-11 References|testcase=UFR 3-11 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-11 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-11 Quality Review|bestpr Devenport, W.J. and Sutton, E.P. (1993) &lsquo;An Experimental Study of Two Flows Through an Axisymmetric Sudden Expansion&rsquo;, ''Experiments

Experimental data from the annular compressor cascade is available for four experiments. These correspond to tip-clearance sizes of 2% and 4% chord and !'''''CASE'''''!! '''''GNDP'''''!! colspan="3"| '''''PDPs''''' !! colspan="2"| '''''MP

The case UFR 3-33 concerns a smooth rigid hemisphere mounted on a smooth plate expos ...in the vicinity of the walls has to be high. The grid used in the present case shows in the whole computational domain a high level of the ''skew quality

(shown in Fig.1) is a widely used test case for that the Sandia D Flame is not a demanding test case it seems to be

...UFR 2-05 Description|references=UFR 2-05 References|testcase=UFR 2-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-05 Quality Review|bestpr ...standard eddy-viscosity models failed to predict separation in the F2 test case conditions. Even when the pressure distribution is more or less satisfactor

...UFR 4-13 Description|references=UFR 4-13 References|testcase=UFR 4-13 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-13 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-13 Quality Review|bestpr ...the Single Cycle method, only part of a cycle is computed, this allows to study each phenomenon separately. The specification of the initial conditions is

...t (T) on the propeller curve (single runner blade angle curve). The second case is off-cam i.e. the right-leg (R) on the propeller curve. Both are conducte ...after (n), e.g. T(r) in the text (or Tr in file names) refers to the early Case T measurements. A more thorough discussion, that describes the different op

...channel as proposed by Mellen et al. (2000) is a geometrically simple test case, ...the flow over periodically arranged hills is a very useful benchmark test case since it represents well-defined boundary conditions, can be computed at af

...UFR 3-07 Description|references=UFR 3-07 References|testcase=UFR 3-07 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-07 Quality Review|bestpr ...Nuclear Reactors'', Vol. 2, (eds. Kakac, S. and Spalding, D.B.), Advanced Study Institute Book, pp. 613-640.

= Test Case = ==Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

* Breuer (2000), Breuer, M.: A challenging test case for large-eddy simulation: high Reynolds number circular cylinder flow, Int * Breuer (2005), Breuer, M.: New reference data for the hill flow test case, <!--http://www.hy.bv.tum.de/DFG-CNRS/-->''no longer online''

...e comparison with URANS. For the URANS cases, an extended grid convergence study was performed using seven URANS grids to analyze the influence of the spati ...n. The inlet and outlet of the cannulas were placed sufficiently far away (four and seven impeller diameters respectively; not shown here) from the pump in

velocity in this case was overpredicted by nearly a factor of two. this case, the peak velocity is overpredicted by 27 %, 61 % and 67 %

...UFR 4-09 Description|references=UFR 4-09 References|testcase=UFR 4-09 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-09 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-09 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 4-14 Description|references=UFR 4-14 References|testcase=UFR 4-14 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-14 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-14 Quality Review|bestpr Bullen, P.R., Cheeseman, D.J., Hussain, L.A. (1996) &ldquo;A study of turbulent flow in pipe contractions&rdquo;, ''Proc. of'' ''IMechE Part E

if high-speed flows are considered, in which case the unsteadiness is in shock reflections, while the first one fails for this flow case. A

...and has long been of interest to scientists and engineers. The goal of the study on which this AC is based has been to replicate experiments carried out in Due to the simple geometry, this test case is quite attractive for verifying and validating new algorithms and models

* Cantwell, B., Coles, D., 1983. An experimental study of entrainment and transport in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylin ...e: a complementary experimental-numerical investigation and a new FSI test case (FSI-PfS-1a). Int. Journal of Computers and Fluids 99, 18&ndash;43.

...he US Environmental Protection Agency laboratories. An example of the hill case is shown in figure 1; three hills and a corresponding set of three valleys ...was located at x=-a, 0 or a (where a is the hill half-length) and, in each case, at various heights. This allowed determination of ‘terrain amplification

...UFR 1-01 Description|references=UFR 1-01 References|testcase=UFR 1-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-01 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

A series of numerical simulations was undertaken to study both inert and reactive flow over a the triangular bluff-body in order to r In the present study the RANS/URANS, SAS and LES approaches were used. It is worth noting that

...UFR 1-01 Description|references=UFR 1-01 References|testcase=UFR 1-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-01 Quality Review|bestpr Crist S., Sherman P.M., Glass D.R., 1966, &ldquo;Study of the Highly Underexpanded Sonic Jet&rdquo;, ''AIAA Journal'', '''4''', pp

The empirical study of the structure of the measured flow identifies several zones, depending o ...stion chamber. Stretching is applied towards the boundary of the outlet. A study of the grid sensibility is done and discussed in paragraph 4.2. The details

This test case considers the flow around a wing mounted on a flat plate, which is represen = Review of previous studies and choice of test case=

...4''c'' in the spanwise direction for the NACA0021 at 60° angle of attack case. ...ller for lower angles of attack (e.g. around 2 chords seen for NACA0012 case at 45°) and is expected to be larger for larger angles up to 90°.

...ption=UFR_2-02_Descr|references=UFR 2-02 References|testcase=UFR 2-02 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-02 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-02 Quality Review|bestpr ...together with the two-layer approach, k is overpredicted. This is also the case with the RSM model, but the peak is now at the correct location. It appears

...UFR 4-13 Description|references=UFR 4-13 References|testcase=UFR 4-13 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-13 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-13 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...circuit, the measurement systems and the test section used in the present study. The flow circuit consisted of a tank from which two separate streams of wa For each test case, velocity was measured using the LDA probe at a particular elevation in the

...UFR 3-09 Description|references=UFR 3-09 References|testcase=UFR 3-09 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-09 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-09 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...UFR 4-13 Description|references=UFR 4-13 References|testcase=UFR 4-13 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-13 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-13 Quality Review|bestpr ...., Hu,Z., Whitelaw,J.H., Steady flow characterization of tumble-generating four-valve cylinder heads . Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Enginee

...UFR 3-10 Description|references=UFR 3-10 References|testcase=UFR 3-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-10 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...ting, ventilation and cooling systems that can be applied. In the specific case described here the system injects cooler air through diffusers mounted in t ...g. This approach leads to temperature stratification within the space. The case chosen for this application challenge is challenging because it is a combin

...e: a complementary experimental-numerical investigation and a new FSI test case (FSI-PfS-1a). Int. Journal of Computers and Fluids 99, 18–43.

...able, also provide the spectral analysis curves (von Neumann analysis). In case LES is ...estimation of the grid resolution. Finally, provide the grids used for the study. -->

...Topp C, 2000. Low Reynolds number effects in ventilated rooms: a numerical study. Proc. of Roomvent 2000, Oxford: 307-312.</div> *<div id="32">Nielsen PV, 1990. Specification of a two-dimensional test case. International Energy Agency, Energy Conservation in Buildings and Communit

...UFR 3-04 Description|references=UFR 3-04 References|testcase=UFR 3-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-04 Quality Review|bestpr ...the Tollmien-Schlichting waves. This is a common mode of transition in the case of turbomachinery flows.

...experiment as well as those obtained in the main computations (go to "Test Case Studies" section to find the definition of the Nusselt number and its avera ...ections but in the stream-wise and span-wise ones (the mesh in the present study contains 76 million cells and their mesh contained 5.5 million cells),

...is simple, the strong buoyancy effects result in complex flow physics. The case thus provides a stringent test of the turbulence models’ performance in p This is a test case by which the competency of CFD for use in nuclear power stations can be jud

* For simulation of the selected UFR test case, open boundaries should be used on all sides of the flow domain except for * For simulation of the selected UFR test case, the domain should extend at least 4 metres radially and vertically to mini

...g vibrations of the hydraulic turbine structure that can lead to damage in case of resonance. Pressure pulsations, generated by a precessing vortex rope, m ...arhat, M., Avellan, F., Miyagawa, K., & Tsujimoto, Y. (2010). Experimental study and numerical simulation of cavity oscillation in a diffuser with swirling

...UFR 4-05 Description|references=UFR 4-05 References|testcase=UFR 4-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-05 Quality Review|bestpr AGARD study

...UFR 4-10 Description|references=UFR 4-10 References|testcase=UFR 4-10 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-10 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-10 Quality Review|bestpr 13. A.A.Dafa&rsquo;Alla and P.L.Betts. Experimental study of turbulent natural convection in a tall air cavity, ''Experimental Heat T

The experimental and numerical setups applied in this study were described in detail by Schanderl et al. (2017b) (PIV and LES). The exp = Test Case Experiments =

In particular, an in-progress overview after the first four years of activity is provided in [&#8204;[[UFR_2-15_References#12|12]]]. == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case ==

...fluid engineering quite often involve complex turbulent flows. This is the case for example in turbine engines, industrial furnaces, combustors and burners ...he combustion process, so that the first step to understand a burner is to study the flow field in cold conditions. It is essential to understand the behavi

=='''Simulation Case CFD1'''== =='''Simulation Case CFD2'''==

==Description of Test Case Experiments== For the detailed study of particle-laden, swirling two-phase flows, a

=='''Simulation Case CFD2'''== ...nnel boundary layer conditions were inappropriate for the purposes of this study.

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case==

...effective blade surface and the increased leakage losses. For the present case an increase of the tip clearance width by 50% led to a reduction in total p ...uld cover the region well up- and downstream of the stage. For the current case, the domain was chosen to start at 60% of the inlet shroud diameter before

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Test Case ==

...for the head <math> H </math> is estimated to be ≈ 3 mmHg for the present case. ...flow cannulas are included. These cannulas should extend sufficiently far (four and seven times the impeller diameter, respectively) from the guide vanes.

= Test Case Study = == Brief Description of the Study Test Case ==

...interesting features are common in all calculations performed using these four computational methods. All of them resulted in near grid independent soluti ...rotating hub has been computed twice in order to perform a grid dependency study. In [[#Table CFD-B|Table CFD-B]], the available data files that correspond

<ref name="ftn2">The local Froude number in this case is evaluated on the plume centreline. ...le the plume may hit a wall or encounter regions of flow recirculation. To study these more complex flows, a more general-purpose CFD approach must be used.

...UFR 1-05 Description|references=UFR 1-05 References|testcase=UFR 1-05 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 1-05 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 1-05 Quality Review|bestpr = Test Case =

...first focuses on comparisons between the LES and experimental data for the case of <math>V_{chan}/V{jet}</math>= 0.077, in the form of contours of the vert ...ose of the TCL model with the analytical wall functions. Finally, for this case, Figures 21 to 23 show comparisons between the computed and measured profil

...UFR 3-04 Description|references=UFR 3-04 References|testcase=UFR 3-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-04 Quality Review|bestpr Kendall J.M., 1985, Experimental study of disturbances produced in a pre-transitional laminar boundary layer by we

Two international workshops, focused on this test case, have been organised: Turbine-99 - Workshop on Draft Tube Flow, Porjus, Swe ...erent CFD-simulations of the test case. The first workshop showed that the case was very sensitive to different settings and the resulting C_p va

...turbulence kinetic energy along the central-line behind the obstacle (for case C0). For the sake of completeness, besides the LDA data by ...er, Re&nbsp;&asymp;&nbsp;6×10³, based on the bluff body height (case I3). Another important parameter in this experiment, the blockage ratio (th

...ffects of grid dependency, boundary conditions and numerical settings. The case could also be run fully 3D. ...ides a wide range of models and meshing capabilities on which to test this case.

The objective of the current application Challenge is to present a benchmark case that can manner, a complete benchmark case for the validation of computational packages intended

In this case, the expression for the shear lift is obtained by errors were recorded for the coarser meshes. The study of

...UFR 4-09 Description|references=UFR 4-09 References|testcase=UFR 4-09 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 4-09 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 4-09 Quality Review|bestpr The influence of discretisation was not examined in the source study underlying this report.

= Test case study = ...ation of the specific turbulence generators is the result of a preliminary study detailed in Wood et al. (2016).

=='''Test case for Velocity measurements'''== =='''Test Case EXP-1'''==

Hossain&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Rodi: Case A which is from a ''k&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;&epsilon;'' model without any buoyancy modifications, Case B which is from a ''k&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;&epsilon;''

...ects of tip-clearance flows on the performance of axial compressors and to study the structure of the corresponding flow field, there has been a lack of det ...ition, experiments have been carried out for a still hub, to allow for the study of the effects that the relative end-wall/blade motion introduces to the fl

= Test Case Study = distance sensor explained in Section [[UFR_2-13_Test Case#Laser distance sensor|Laser distance sensor]]. The

...thus not fulfilled in this last region. This is the reason why the present study is referred to as under-resolved DNS (uDNS). For future highly resolved simulations of this test case a mesh refinement is advised above and downstream the rounded step.

investigated for the NACA0012 case at ''&alpha;''&nbsp;=&nbsp;45° by this case.

...olution, [[UFR_4-16_Test_Case#figure14|Fig. 14]] in the chapter "Test Case Study"). [[UFR_4-16_Test_Case#Test_Case_Study|"Test Case Study"]]) and surface pressure

...nd species mass fractions exist only for the 30 kW configuration only this case has been investigated by means of numerical simulations. The studies are su |+ Table 4.1: Summary of simulations done of the 30 kW case.

= Test Case = == Brief Description of the Test Case Studied ==

...erpendicularly to the main spraying axis, which is considered a cross-flow case. The flow is homogeneous, isothermal and with low turbulence intensity, <ma ...rity axis 1: Strengthening capacity for high-quality research. The present case is one of several cases measured and studied in <ref name = "Cejpek2"/>.

• The study of Guy et al (1999) has shown that these annular flows (with the possible e 3) Guy A., Iacovides H., Launder B.E., 1999, “Study of Downward Water Flow in a Heated Annulus, Phase 2”, ''Technical Report

The empirical study of the structure of the measured flow identifies several zones, depending o The system of equations is integrated in time using an explicit four-stage Runga-Kutta scheme and convergence towards steady state is accelerate

...the motored case is available at three different operating points. A test case considering an engine speed of 800 RPM is investigated in the numerical stu For this compressible case, the filtered governing equations for mass, momentum and total enthalpy <ma

...ons_AC2-11#CFD_Simulations|CFD Simulations]] section, for the DJHC-I-Re4K5 case, i.e. fuel-jet Re = 4500. The results have been published in ...silon;'' model is known to overpredict the spreading of round jets. In the case studied here the EDC model in combination with the standard ''k-&epsilon;''

...to interpret the results and compare it to other studies. In the presented study, we took special care to have a fully developed turbulent open-channel flow This flow case represents a highly complex three-dimensional turbulent flow which shows se

==Large Eddy Simulations &mdash; Case LES1== ==Large Eddy Simulations &mdash; Case LES2==

...the URANS computations will also be investigated based on an extended grid study. The main assessment parameters for this study are:

...e given in Tab. 5.1. The deviation between the URANS and the reference LES case are minor for both operation points with a maximum deviation of <math> +3.2 ...tion of the stresses in URANS (also recognizable from the grid convergence study in Fig. 3.3 in section [[CFD Simulations AC7-03|CFD Simulations]]). But als

However, there has been less study of the near-field unsteady dynamics of plumes. their study involved solid, liquid and gas fuel sources. The dependence

Plane E is the test case geometric symmetry plane (<math>z/T=0</math>). ...are not fulfilled for the current simulation. For this reason the present study was referred to as under-resolved DNS (uDNS).

mostly ''5h'' in the case of the eddy-resolving methods &mdash; using periodic mind that the focus of the present study was found to be on the

= Test Case Study = == Brief description of the test case studied ==

...not allow for a gradual reduction in the flowrate to zero, as would be the case for a real fan. The discrepancy between the results for the instrument tree ...t would also be recommended, given the limitations present at the time the study was undertaken.

...and velocity field [[Best_Practice_Advice_AC2-10#10|[10]]]. For this test case the short ports were found to be a good compromise between accuracy and com Three simulations of the same test case were presented. However, a direct comparison is challenging because

...l buildings exceeds 4% of the tunnel cross-section (Snyder, 1981). In this case, the terminal building is only 2.5% of the tunnel cross-section and thus tu ...ndary layer requires careful specification of inlet conditions, and in the case of a k-ε simulation, consistent profiles of k and ε, as well as mean velo

In this case, turbulence is most active at the interface between two free streams (high The ability of four LES subgrid-scale models was assessed by comparing their predictions to the

...putational studies described in issue 1 had considered only the isothermal case. This enabled an early evaluation of the different turbulence models consid The four turbulence models used in more detail are:

==Simulation Case== ...olic Reynolds numbers at the inlet are very similar (1830 in this previous study against 1915 here). This allows us to have confidence in these previous ana

* AGARD WG18 test case ...be coincidental). No specific transition models were incorporated in this study. UFR 3-04 states that linear eddy viscosity models usually need highly empi

An experimental study has been performed of the flow in a sharp-heel draft tube for a Kaplan turb ...3-D) flow separation, thus creating a real application challenge. The test case put forward here is designed to test the ability of CFD codes to predict th

In this case, Arslan ''et&nbsp;al.''&nbsp;[&#8204;[[UFR_2-15_References#1|1]]] and, hence, at least in that case, the statistical sample may be assumed to be adequate.

...on. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are increasingly used to study and understand smoke behaviour in tunnels. It is important, therefore, to u ...be inappropriate, therefore, to use such an approach without some previous study of the capabilities of such models.

...in regions where local extinction phenomena are not so relevant as is the case of the recirculation zone. ...and satisfactory approach for turbulent regimes has not fully met yet. In case of turbulent reactive flows the complexity of the problem increases remarka

It can be shown that in the case of fully developed turbulent flows, existing small time and space scales ar In the present study several RANS/URANS calculations were performed using the EDC and TFC closur

the leading edges in the present case, may be significantly delayed. Two For the present case, the effect of the HPF model was significant, but the effect of the

...echanism provided by the bluff-body burner is a suitable test case for the study of turbulence-chemistry interactions. This geometry is simple, its boundary ...rties. The non reacting turbulent flows are highly challenging but in this case the presence of chemical reactions and kinetic sand phase changes further i

[[UFR_2-12_Test_Case#CFD_Methods|the Test Case section]]. As mentioned in the [[UFR_2-12_Test_Case#tce|Test Case Experiments section]] above,

The flame holder used in the present study had a triangular shape ([[Test_Data_AC2-12#figure3|Fig.&nbsp;3]]) ...es. The reference temperature was 288&nbsp;K (600&nbsp;K for the preheated case) and the reference pressure was 100&nbsp;kPa at a distance 200&nbsp;mm upst

...port equation which is solved throughout the computational domain. In this case the lack of history effects of zero equation correlation is overcome thanks ...C.H. Sieverding''' ''“ Unsteady heat Transfer in Rotor-Stator Interaction Study By Numerical and experimental Approaches “'' to be presented at ASME-IGTC

...accessibility to the flame especially at high pressure conditions. In this case, the use of numerical models is the only way to get the necessary informati ...mstances the spreading rate was increased by the swirl action. Theoretical study of Lim D.W and Redekopp L.G (1998) showed that when the vorticity generated