SANDIA Flame D

Application Challenge AC2-09 © copyright ERCOFTAC 2024

Overview of Tests

The velocity measurements were performed with two-component fiber-optic laser Doppler anemometer (Dantec). All the details of the flow field measuring techniques applied in Sandia Flame D experiment are explained in^[1]. Measured scalars for Sandia D Flame include temperature, mixture fraction, N₂, O₂, H₂O, H₂, CH₄, CO, CO₂, OH and NO. Experimental methods and measurement uncertainties are outlined in^[1] Spontaneous Raman scattering of the beams from two Nd:YAG lasers (532 nm) was used to measure concentrations of the major species. The Rayleigh scattering signal was converted to temperature using a species-weighted scattering cross section, based on the Raman measurements. Linear laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was used to measure OH and NO, and the fluorescence signals were corrected on a shot-to-shot basis for variations in Boltzmann fraction and collisional quenching rate. The concentration of CO was measured by Raman scattering and by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TPLIF).

**Table EXP – A** Summary description of all test cases
Name	GNDPs	PDPs (Problem Definition Parameters)		MPs (Measured Parameters)
	Re	Fuel jet composition	Pilot flame composition	Detailed data	DOAPs
EXP1	22400	25% of methane (CH₄) and 75% of air	C₂H₂, H₂, air, CO₂ and N₂	$\langle U\rangle ,\langle U_{rms}\rangle ,\langle V\rangle ,\langle V_{rms}\rangle ,\langle \eta \rangle ,$ $\langle T\rangle ,\langle Y_{H_{2}0}\rangle ,\langle Y_{O_{2}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{N_{2}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{H_{2}}\rangle ,$ $\langle Y_{CO}\rangle ,\langle Y_{CO_{2}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{CH_{4}}\rangle ,\langle \eta _{rms}\rangle ,$ $\langle T_{rms}\rangle ,\langle Y_{{H_{2}O}_{rms}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{{O_{2}}_{rms}}\rangle ,$ $\langle Y_{{N_{2}}_{rms}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{{H_{2}}_{rms}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{{CO}_{rms}}\rangle ,$ $\langle Y_{{CO_{2}}_{rms}}\rangle ,\langle Y_{{CH_{4}}_{rms}}\rangle$	Axial profiles T_max , z/D (T_max ) L_const(η , Y_CH₄ , Y_O₂) L_const(Y_H₂O , Y_CO₂) Y_{H₂, max} , z/D (Y_{H₂, max} ) Y_{CO, max} , z/D (Y_{CO, max} ) RMS_max z/D (RMS_max ) Radial profiles x/D = 15, 30, 45 F_max , U_max r_½(η) , r_½(U )

**Table EXP – B** Summary description of all measured parameters
MP1	MP2	MP3	DOAPs or other miscellaneous data
U, V, u ′, v ′ (ms^-1)	η, T, η ′, T ′ (m²s^-2)	Y_N₂, RMS(Y_N₂) Y_O₂, RMS(Y_O₂) Y_H₂O, RMS(Y_H₂O ) Y_H₂, RMS(Y_H₂) Y_CH₄, RMS(Y_CH₄) Y_CO, RMS(Y_CO ) Y_CO₂, RMS(Y_CO₂) Y_OH, RMS(Y_OH ) Y_NO, RMS(Y_NO )

TEST CASE EXP1

Description of Experiment

The Application Challenge includes just one test case, Sandia Flame D with defined Reynolds number of the fuel jet and the fuel and pilot flame compositions as given in Table EXP-A.

Boundary Data

The inlet mean and fluctuating velocity at the distance x/D=1 from the burner are shown in Fig.3. The inlet parabolic profile had a maximum at the centre of the fuel nozzle of U_max = 62 m/s. The pilot flame bulk velocity U_pilot = 11.4 m/s and the coflow velocity U_cfl = 0.9 m/s.


Fig. 3: Mean and RMS inlet profiles of the axial velocity.

Measurement Errors

The flow field measurement statistical errors are estimated in^[1] as below 5% for the mean velocities and within 10% for fluctuating components. The scalar measurement errors are estimated and analyzed in^[2]. The relative uncertainty (not including statistical noise or potential effects of spatial averaging) is estimated to be within 2% for the Raman measurements, 5% for OH, 5% for CO, and 10% for NO.

Measured Data

The velocity data (in ASCII format) can be obtained by contacting Prof. Andreas Dreizler, TU Darmstadt (dreizler@csi.tu-darmstadt.de).

The scalar data are available at http://www.sandia.gov/TNF/DataArch/FlameD.html

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Schneider Ch., Dreizler A., Janicka J., Hassel E.P., "Flow field measurements of stable and locally extinguishing hydrocarbon-fuelled jet flames", Combustion and flames, 135, pp. 185-190, 2003
↑ Barlow R.S., Frank J.H., Proc. Comb. Inst., 27:1087,1998