UFR 3-30 Description: Difference between revisions
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= Description = | = Description = | ||
The flow over periodically arranged hills at Reynolds numbers from 5,600 to 37,000 has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Since Mellen et al. (2000) presented this flow case its geometry has been used for various studies and has served as a benchmark case in different research groups. The flow features phenomena such as separation from a curved surface, recirculation and natural reattachment. It can be simulated at relatively low computational cost because of the periodic boundary conditions and the two-dimensionality. DNS have been performed up to Re=5,600 (based on the bulk velocity above the hill and the hill height) whereas numerous LES works were published for Re=10,600. Recently LES results were presented for Re=37,000. | |||
A physical experiment thoroughly has been set up in the Laboratory for Hydromechanics of the Technische Universität München to investigate the flow experimentally and provide reliable reference data. | |||
== | == Review of UFR studies and choice of test case == | ||
Zilker et al. (1977) conducted experiments on small amplitude sinusoidal waves in a water channel. Zilker and Hanratty (1979) modified the channel and investigated the flow over large amplitude waves. A periodic behavior of the flow in the streamwise direction was assumed from the eighth out of ten wave trains. They recorded the wall shear stress by electro-chemical probes and measured velocities through thermal coated films. The same channel was used by Buckles et al. (1984) to investigate the flow phenomena separation from a curved surface, recirculation and reattachment with Laser Doppler Anemometry and high resolution pressure cells. | |||
= | Almeida et al. (1993) published an article in 1993 on the flow over two dimensional hills that correspond to the symmetry axis of a three dimensional hill used by Hunt and Snyder (1980). The hills of height h (defined by the six polynomials shown above) were 3.857h long and confined the 6.07h channel by about one sixth. Almeida et al. chose an inter-hill distance of 4.5h and a lateral extent of the domain of 4.5h as well. The measurements with an LDA system were carried out at | ||
Re=6.0⋅10<sup>4</sup> | |||
between the hills seven and eight. These investigations became basis for a testcase of the ERCOFTAC/IAHR-Workshop in 1995 [Rodi et al. (1995)]. It turned out that the comparability of this experiment and the 2D numerical simulations was limited because of strong 3D effects in the experiment. | |||
Mellen et al. (2000) used the advantages of this geometry and adjusted it to meet numerical needs. The channel height was reduced to save computational time though the distance between the hills was doubled to achieve natural reattachment. Periodicity was applied in the streamwise and in the spanwise direction to keep the numerical cost affordable, however the Reynolds number had to be reduced to | |||
Re≈ 10<sup>4</sup>. | |||
Several collaborative studies have followed because various research initiatives such as a DFG-CNRS group have chosen the case to benchmark their codes. | |||
Temmerman et al. (2003) state that the challenge of this case is to prediction the separation point, which has a strong impact on the recirculation length. According to the authors the grid resolution of the LES in the vicinity of the separation point has got a not negligible influence on the recirculation length. | |||
A detailed review of he flow physics can be found in Fröhlich et al (2005) who conducted LES at Re=10,595. Mean and RMS-values, spectra and anisotropy measures are being presented whilst they found phenomena such as the so-called 'splatting effect' on the windward side of the hill. Moreover they studied the size of the largest structures by two-point correlations of the streamwise velocity component, whereas Temmerman (2004) investigated the impact of the number of periods on the flow. | |||
A recent publication comprises cross comparisons of numerical and experimental results up to a Reynolds number of 10,595 Breuer et al. (2009). A cartesian (MGLET) and a curvilinear code (LESOCC) are checked with thoroughly validated PIV data that is presented here. | |||
{{UFRHeader | {{UFRHeader | ||
Revision as of 10:05, 19 November 2009
2D Periodic Hill
Semi-Confined Flows
Underlying Flow Regime 3-30
Description
The flow over periodically arranged hills at Reynolds numbers from 5,600 to 37,000 has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Since Mellen et al. (2000) presented this flow case its geometry has been used for various studies and has served as a benchmark case in different research groups. The flow features phenomena such as separation from a curved surface, recirculation and natural reattachment. It can be simulated at relatively low computational cost because of the periodic boundary conditions and the two-dimensionality. DNS have been performed up to Re=5,600 (based on the bulk velocity above the hill and the hill height) whereas numerous LES works were published for Re=10,600. Recently LES results were presented for Re=37,000. A physical experiment thoroughly has been set up in the Laboratory for Hydromechanics of the Technische Universität München to investigate the flow experimentally and provide reliable reference data.
Review of UFR studies and choice of test case
Zilker et al. (1977) conducted experiments on small amplitude sinusoidal waves in a water channel. Zilker and Hanratty (1979) modified the channel and investigated the flow over large amplitude waves. A periodic behavior of the flow in the streamwise direction was assumed from the eighth out of ten wave trains. They recorded the wall shear stress by electro-chemical probes and measured velocities through thermal coated films. The same channel was used by Buckles et al. (1984) to investigate the flow phenomena separation from a curved surface, recirculation and reattachment with Laser Doppler Anemometry and high resolution pressure cells.
Almeida et al. (1993) published an article in 1993 on the flow over two dimensional hills that correspond to the symmetry axis of a three dimensional hill used by Hunt and Snyder (1980). The hills of height h (defined by the six polynomials shown above) were 3.857h long and confined the 6.07h channel by about one sixth. Almeida et al. chose an inter-hill distance of 4.5h and a lateral extent of the domain of 4.5h as well. The measurements with an LDA system were carried out at Re=6.0⋅104 between the hills seven and eight. These investigations became basis for a testcase of the ERCOFTAC/IAHR-Workshop in 1995 [Rodi et al. (1995)]. It turned out that the comparability of this experiment and the 2D numerical simulations was limited because of strong 3D effects in the experiment.
Mellen et al. (2000) used the advantages of this geometry and adjusted it to meet numerical needs. The channel height was reduced to save computational time though the distance between the hills was doubled to achieve natural reattachment. Periodicity was applied in the streamwise and in the spanwise direction to keep the numerical cost affordable, however the Reynolds number had to be reduced to Re≈ 104.
Several collaborative studies have followed because various research initiatives such as a DFG-CNRS group have chosen the case to benchmark their codes. Temmerman et al. (2003) state that the challenge of this case is to prediction the separation point, which has a strong impact on the recirculation length. According to the authors the grid resolution of the LES in the vicinity of the separation point has got a not negligible influence on the recirculation length.
A detailed review of he flow physics can be found in Fröhlich et al (2005) who conducted LES at Re=10,595. Mean and RMS-values, spectra and anisotropy measures are being presented whilst they found phenomena such as the so-called 'splatting effect' on the windward side of the hill. Moreover they studied the size of the largest structures by two-point correlations of the streamwise velocity component, whereas Temmerman (2004) investigated the impact of the number of periods on the flow.
A recent publication comprises cross comparisons of numerical and experimental results up to a Reynolds number of 10,595 Breuer et al. (2009). A cartesian (MGLET) and a curvilinear code (LESOCC) are checked with thoroughly validated PIV data that is presented here.
Contributed by: Christoph Rapp — Technische Universitat Munchen
© copyright ERCOFTAC 2009