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= Boundary layer interacting with wakes under adverse pressure gradient - NLR 7301 high lift configuration =


= Boundary layer interacting with wakes under adverse<br />pressure gradient - NLR 7301 high lift configuration =
Underlying Flow Regime 3-01 <font size="-2" color="#888888">               © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font>
 
Underlying Flow Regime 3-01 <font size="-2" color="#888888">               © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font>
 




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[9] Haase, W. et al. EUROVAL - An European Initiative on Validation of CFD codes. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 42, 1992.
[9] Haase, W. et al. EUROVAL - An European Initiative on Validation of CFD codes. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 42, 1992.


[10] Haase, W. et al. ECARP - European Computational Aerodynamics Research Projects: Validation of CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 58, 1997.
[10] Haase, W. et al. [[ECARP_README|ECARP]]- European Computational Aerodynamics Research Projects: Validation of CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 58, 1997.


[11] Marini M. and Paoli R. Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Through the use of a Database. Proceedings ECCOMAS 2001.
[11] Marini M. and Paoli R. Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Through the use of a Database. Proceedings ECCOMAS 2001.
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[19] Chien, K. Prediction of channel and boundary layer flows with a low Reynolds number turbulence model. AIAA Journal, Vol. 20, 1982, pp. 33-38.
[19] Chien, K. Prediction of channel and boundary layer flows with a low Reynolds number turbulence model. AIAA Journal, Vol. 20, 1982, pp. 33-38.


[20] Lam, C.K.G., Bremhorst, K. A modified form of the k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font> model for predicting wall turbulence. Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 103, 1981, pp. 456-460.
[20] Lam, C.K.G., Bremhorst, K. A modified form of the k-&epsilon; model for predicting wall turbulence. Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 103, 1981, pp. 456-460.


[21] Menter, F.R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, Vol. 32, 1994, pp. 1598-1605.
[21] Menter, F.R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, Vol. 32, 1994, pp. 1598-1605.
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[28] An. A Selection of Experimental Test Cases for the Validation of CFD Codes. AGARD AR 303, 1994.
[28] An. A Selection of Experimental Test Cases for the Validation of CFD Codes. AGARD AR 303, 1994.


 <span lang="EN-US"><font size="12.0pt"><br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />'''<span>'''Appendix A: Figures from ECARP [10]'''</span>'''</font></span>''' '''
'''Remark: the figures are scanned from the ECARP Book [10], and use the figure numbering and captions of the original text.'''


''' '''
== Appendix A: Figures from ECARP [10] ==


<div><center>
'''Remark:''' the figures are scanned from the ECARP Book [10], and use the figure numbering and captions of the original text.


<center>
{| style="margin-left: -8.15pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
{| style="margin-left: -8.15pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|'''Reference in Figures'''
<center>'''Reference in Figures'''</center>
| style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|'''Turbulence Model'''
| style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>'''Turbulence Model'''</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|C+W
<center>C+W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Chien + Wolfshtein k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien + Wolfshtein k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|KG
<center>KG</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Kalitzin-Gould k-&tau;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Kalitzin-Gould k-<font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">t</font></span></font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|GRB
<center>GRB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Granville/Baldwin-Lomax
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Granville/Baldwin-Lomax</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|C
<center>C</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Chien k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|BL
<center>BL</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Baldwin-Lomax
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Baldwin-Lomax</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|JL
<center>JL</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Launder-Sharma-Yap k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Launder-Sharma-Yap k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|C+LSC
<center>C+LSC</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Chien k-&epsilon; + length scale correction
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font> + length scale correction</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|LB
<center>LB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Lam-Bremhorst k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Lam-Bremhorst k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|CS
<center>CS</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Cebeci-Smith
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Cebeci-Smith</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|M+SST
<center>M+SST</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Menter (incl SST correction)
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Menter (incl SST correction)</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|LeB
<center>LeB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Le Balleur
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Le Balleur</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|SJL-W
<center>SJL-W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Jones-Launder-Wolfshtein k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Jones-Launder-Wolfshtein k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|SJL-W+SST
<center>SJL-W+SST</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Above + SST
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Above + SST</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" align="center"|SLZ-W
<center>SLZ-W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" align="center"|Shih-Lumley-Zhu-Wolfshtein non-linear k-&epsilon;
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Shih-Lumley-Zhu-Wolfshtein non-linear k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|}
|}
</center>


</center></div>
<center>'''Table 4: Index to Turbulence Models used in ECARP figures reproduced below.'''</center>
 
''' '''


'''Table 4: Index to Turbulence Models used in ECARP figures reproduced on the following pages.'''
'''<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />'''


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'''Appendix B: Figures from Godin [14]'''
== Appendix B: Figures from Godin [14] ==


''' '''


<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image027.jpg]]</center>
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image027.jpg]]</center>


<center> </center>


<center>Fig. 14: Pressure Coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
<center>Fig. 14: Pressure Coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap &alpha; = 13.1&deg;</center>


<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image029.jpg]]</center>
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image029.jpg]]</center>


<center>Fig. 15: Skin friction coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="FR"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
<center>Fig. 15: Skin friction coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap &alpha; = 13.1&deg;</center>


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<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image031.jpg]]</center>
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image031.jpg]]</center>


<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center>Fig. 16: Velocity Profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
<center>Fig. 16: Velocity Profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap &alpha; = 13.1&deg;</center>


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<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image033.jpg]]</center>
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image033.jpg]]</center>


<center> </center>
<center> </center>


<center>Fig. 17: Turbulent shear stress profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
<center>Fig. 17: Turbulent shear stress profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap &alpha; = 13.1&deg;</center>


<font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br />
<font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br />
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{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}
{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}
[[Category:Underlying Flow Regime]]

Latest revision as of 12:27, 12 February 2017

Front Page

Description

Test Case Studies

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice

References



Boundary layer interacting with wakes under adverse pressure gradient - NLR 7301 high lift configuration

Underlying Flow Regime 3-01 © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


References

[1] Carlson, J.R., Duquesne, N., Rumsey, C.L., Gatski, T.B. Computation of turbulent wake flows in variable pressure gradient. Computer & Fluids, Vol. 30, 2001, pp. 161-187.

[2] Rumsey, C.L., Ying, S.X. Prediction of high lift: review of present CFD capability. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 38, 2002, pp. 145-180.

[3] Squire, L.C. Interactions between wakes and boundary-layers. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 26, 1989, pp. 261-288.

[4] Zhou, M.D, and Squire, L.C. The interaction of a wake with a turbulent boundary layer. The Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 89, 1985, pp.72-81.

[5] Liu, X., Thomas, F.O., Nelson, R.C. An experimental investigation of wake development in arbitrary pressure gradient. AIAA Paper 99-0677, 1999.

[6] Kyriakides, N.K., Kastrinakis, E.G., Nychas, S.G., Goulas, A. Proceedings Inst. Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 210, 1996, p. 167.

[7] Piomelli, U., Choudhari, M.M., Ovchinnikov V., Balaras, E. Numerical simulations of wake/boundary layer interactions. AIAA 2003-0975, 2003.

[8] Berg, B. van der. Boundary Layer Measurements on a Two-Dimensional Wing with Flap, NLR TR 79009 U, 1979.

[9] Haase, W. et al. EUROVAL - An European Initiative on Validation of CFD codes. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 42, 1992.

[10] Haase, W. et al. ECARP- European Computational Aerodynamics Research Projects: Validation of CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 58, 1997.

[11] Marini M. and Paoli R. Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Through the use of a Database. Proceedings ECCOMAS 2001.

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[13] Larsson, T. Separated and high-lift flows over single and multi-element airfoils. ICAS 94-5.7.3, 1994.

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Appendix A: Figures from ECARP [10]

Remark: the figures are scanned from the ECARP Book [10], and use the figure numbering and captions of the original text.

Reference in Figures Turbulence Model
C+W Chien + Wolfshtein k-ε
KG Kalitzin-Gould k-τ
GRB Granville/Baldwin-Lomax
C Chien k-ε
BL Baldwin-Lomax
JL Launder-Sharma-Yap k-ε
C+LSC Chien k-ε + length scale correction
LB Lam-Bremhorst k-ε
CS Cebeci-Smith
M+SST Menter (incl SST correction)
LeB Le Balleur
SJL-W Jones-Launder-Wolfshtein k-ε
SJL-W+SST Above + SST
SLZ-W Shih-Lumley-Zhu-Wolfshtein non-linear k-ε
Table 4: Index to Turbulence Models used in ECARP figures reproduced below.


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Appendix B: Figures from Godin [14]

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Fig. 14: Pressure Coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap α = 13.1°


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Fig. 15: Skin friction coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap α = 13.1°


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Fig. 16: Velocity Profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap α = 13.1°


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Fig. 17: Turbulent shear stress profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap α = 13.1°

© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004



Contributors: Jan Vos - CFS Engineering SA


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