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# <span id="3">Xin, Y., Baroclinic effects on fire flow field, in ''Proc. 4th Joint Meeting of the U.S. Section of the Combustion Institute'', Philadelphia, PA, 2005</span>
# <span id="3">Xin, Y., Baroclinic effects on fire flow field, in ''Proc. 4th Joint Meeting of the U.S. Section of the Combustion Institute'', Philadelphia, PA, 2005</span>
# <span id="4">O&lsquo;Hern, T. J., Weckman, E. J., Gerhart, A. L., Tieszen, S. R. and Schefer, R. W., Experimental study of a turbulent buoyant helium plume, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 544, p.143&ndash;171, 2005</span>
# <span id="4">O&lsquo;Hern, T. J., Weckman, E. J., Gerhart, A. L., Tieszen, S. R. and Schefer, R. W., Experimental study of a turbulent buoyant helium plume, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 544, p.143&ndash;171, 2005</span>
# <span id="5">Chen, C. J. and Rodi, W., ''Vertical buoyant jets: a review of experimental data'', Pergamon, New York, 1980</span>
# <span id="6">List, E. J., Turbulent jets and plumes, ''Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.'', 14, p.189&ndash;212, 1982</span>
# <span id="7">List, E. J., Mechanics of turbulent buoyant jets and plumes, in ''Turbulent Buoyant Jets and Plumes'', Rodi, W. (Ed.), Pergamon Press, 1982</span>
# <span id="8">Drysdale, D., ''An introduction to fire dynamics'', John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1998</span>
# <span id="9"">Dimonte, G., Youngs, D. L., Dimits, A., Weber, S., Marinak, M., Wunsch, S., Garasi, C., Robinson, A., Andrews, M. J., Ramaprabhu, P., Calder, A. C., Fryxell, B., Biello, Dursi, L., MacNeice, P., Olson, K., Ricker, P., Rosner, R., Timmes, F., Tufo, H., Young, Y.-N. And Zingale, M., A comparative study of the turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability using high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulations: The Alpha-Group collaboration, ''Phys. Fluids'', 16, p.1668&ndash;1693, 2004</span>
# <span id="10">Cook, A. W. and Dimotakis, P. E., Transition stages of Rayleigh-Taylor instability between miscible fluids, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 457, p.69&ndash;99, 2002</span>
# <span id="11">Jacobs, J. W. and Dalziel, S. B., Rayleigh-Taylor instability in complex stratifications, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 542, p.251&ndash;279, 2005</span>
# <span id="12">Cabot, W. H., Cook, A. W., Miller, P. L., Laney, D. E., Miller, M. C. and Childs, H. R., Large-eddy simulation of Rayleigh-Taylor instability, ''Phys. Fluids'', 17, &nbsp;DOI:10.1063/1.1942519, 2005</span>
# <span id="13">Cook, A. W., Cabot, W. and Miller, P. L., The mixing transition in Rayleigh-Taylor instability, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 511, p.333&ndash;362, 2004</span>
# <span id="14">Buckmaster, J. and Peters, N., The infinite candle and its stability &mdash; a paradigm for flickering diffusion flames, in ''Proc. 21st Symposium (International) on Combustion'', The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1986</span>
# <span id="15">Ghoniem, A. F., Lakkis, I. and Soteriou, M., Numerical simulation of the dynamics of large fire plumes and the phenomenon of puffing, in ''Proc. 26th Symposium (International) on Combustion'', The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996</span>
# <span id="16">Coats, C. M., Coherent structures in combustion, ''Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.'', 22, p.427&ndash;509, 1996</span>
# <span id="17">Albers, B. W. and Agrawal, A. K., Schlieren analysis of an oscillating gas-jet diffusion flame, ''Combust. Flame'', 119, p.84&ndash;94, 1999</span>
# <span id="18">Cetegen, B. M. and Kasper, K. D., Experiments on the oscillatory behavior of buoyant plumes of helium and helium-air mixtures, ''Phys. Fluids'', 8, &nbsp; p.2974, 1996</span>
# <span id="19">Gebhart, B., Jaluria, Y., Mahajan, R. L. and Sammakia, B., ''Buoyancy-induced flows and transport'', Hemisphere Pub. Corp., New York, 1988</span>
# <span id="20">Juang, X. and Luo, K. H., Spatial direct numerical simulation of the large vortical structures in forced plumes, ''Flow Turbul. Combust.'', 64,  p.43&ndash;69, 2000</span>
# <span id="21">Jiang, X. and Luo, K. H., Direct numerical simulation of the puffing phenomenon of an axisymmetric thermal plume, ''Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics'', 14,  p.55&ndash;74, 2000</span>
# <span id="22">Subbarao, E. R. and Cantwell, B. J., Investigation of a co-flowing buoyant jet: experiments on the effect of Reynolds number and Richardson number, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 245, p.69&ndash;90, 1992</span>
# <span id="23">Cetegen, B. M., Dong, Y. and Soteriou, M. C., Experiments on stability and oscillatory behavior of planar buoyant plumes, ''Phys. Fluids'', 10,  p.1658&ndash;1665, 1998</span>
# <span id="24">Soteriou, M. C., Dong, Y. and Cetegen, B. M., Lagrangian simulation of the unsteady near field dynamics of planar buoyant plumes, ''Phys. Fluids'', 14,  p.3118&ndash;3140, 2002</span>
# <span id="25">Cetegen, B. M. and Ahmed, T. A., Experiments on the periodic instability of buoyant plumes and pool fires, ''Combust. Flame'', 93,  p.157, 1993</span>
# <span id="26">Hamins, A., Yang, J. C. and Kashiwagi, I., An experimental investigation of the pulsation frequency of flames, in ''Proc. 24th Symposium (International) on Combustion'', The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992</span>
# <span id="27">Kyle, D. M. and Sreenivasan, K. R., The instability and breakdown of a round variable density jet, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 249, p.619&ndash;664, 1993</span>
# <span id="28">Cetegen, B. M., Behavior of naturally unstable and periodically forced axisymmetric buoyant plumes of helium and helium-air mixtures, ''Phys. Fluids'', 9, p.3742&ndash;3752, 1997</span>
# <span id="29">Cetegen, B. M. and McTeague, J., Behavior of periodically forced buoyant plumes, in ''National Institute of Standards and Technology Annual Conference on Fire Research'', Gaithersburg, MD, October 28&ndash;31, 1996</span>
# <span id="30">Cetegen, B. M., Measurements of instantaneous velocity field of a non-reacting pulsating buoyant plume by Particle Image Velocimetry, ''Combust. Sci. Technol.'', 123,  p.377&ndash;387, 1997</span>
# <span id="31">Mell, W. E., Johnson, A., McGrattan, K. B. and Baum, H. R., Large eddy simulations of buoyant plumes, in ''Chemical &amp; Physical Processes in Combustion, Proc. Fall Technical Meeting'', 1995</span>
# <span id="32">Mell, W. E., McGrattan, K. B. and Baum, H. R., Numerical simulation of combustion in fire plumes, in ''Proc. 26th Symposium (International) on Combustion'', The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996</span>
# <span id="33">Yep, T.-W., Agrawal, A. K. and Griffin, D., Gravitational effects on near-field flow structure of low-density gas jets, ''AIAA&nbsp;J.'', 41,  p.1973&ndash;1979, 2003</span>
# <span id="34">Pasumarthi, K. S. and Agrawal, A. K., Buoyancy effects on flow transition in low-density inertial gas jets, ''Experiments in Fluids'', 38,  p.541&ndash;544, 2005</span>
# <span id="35">Pera, L. and Gebhart, B., On the stability of laminar plumes: some numerical solutions and experiments, ''Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer'', 14,  p.975&ndash;984, 1971</span>
# <span id="36">Gebhart, B., Instability, transition and turbulence in buoyancy-induced flows, ''Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.'', 5,  p.213&ndash;246, 1973</span>
# <span id="37">O&lsquo;Hern, T. J., Tieszen, S. R., Weckman, E. J., Gerhart, A. L. and Schefer, R. W., Simultaneous cinematographic PIV and acetone PLIF for spatially and temporally resolved velocity and concentration fields in a buoyant helium plume, in ''Proc. ASME Int. Mech. Eng. Congress &amp; Exposition'', ASME Fluids Engineering Division, 2001</span>
# <span id="38">Nicolette, V. F., Tieszen, S. R., Black, A. R., Domino, S. P. and O&lsquo;Hern, T. J., A turbulence model for buoyant flows based on vorticity generation, ''Sandia Report SAND2005-6273'', October, 2005</span>
# <span id="39">Chung, W. and Devaud, C. B., Buoyancy-corrected k-&epsilon; models and large eddy simulation applied to a large axisymmetric helium plume, ''Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluids'', 58,  p.57&ndash;89, 2008</span>
# <span id="40">Blanquart, G. and Pitsch, H., Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent buoyant helium plume, ''Annual Research Briefs'', Center for Turbulence Research, p.245&ndash;252, 2008</span>
# <span id="41">Burton, G. C., Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent helium-air plume using the nLES method, ''Annual Research Briefs'', Center for Turbulence Research, p.261&ndash;271, 2009</span>
# <span id="42">Tieszen, S. R., Domino, S. P. and Black, A. R., Validation of a simple turbulence model suitable for closure of temporally-filtered Navier-Stokes equations using a helium plume, in ''Report SAND2005-3210'', Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2005</span>
# <span id="43">Lingens, A., Neemann, K., Meyer, J. and Schreiber, M., Instability of diffusion flames, in ''Proc. 26th Symposium (International) on Combustion'', The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996</span>
# <span id="44">Lingens, A., Reeker, M. and Schreiber, M., Instability of buoyant diffusion flames, ''Exp. Fluids'', 20,  p.241&ndash;248, 1996</span>
# <span id="45">Zhou, X., Luo, K. H. and Williams, J. J. R., Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent forced plume, ''Eur. J. Mech. B&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;Fluids'', 20,  p.233&ndash;254, 2001</span>
# <span id="46">Zhou, X., Luo, K. H. and Williams, J. J. R., Study of density effects in turbulent buoyancy jets using large-eddy simulation, ''Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics'', 15,  p.95&ndash;120, 2001</span>
# <span id="47">George, W. K. Jr., Alpert, R. L. and Tamanini, F., Turbulence measurements in an axisymmetric buoyant plume, ''Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer'', 20,  p.1145&ndash;1154, 1977</span>
# <span id="48">Shabbir, A. and George, W. K., Experiments on a round turbulent buoyant plume, ''J. Fluid Mech.'', 275,  p.1&ndash;32, 1994</span>
# <span id="49">Zhou, X. and Hitt, D. L., Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of coherent structures in a transient buoyant jet, ''J.&nbsp;Turbulence'', 5,  p.1&ndash;21, 2004</span>
# <span id="50">Pham, M. V., Plourde, F. and Doan, S., Direct and large-eddy simulations of a pure thermal plume, ''Phys. Fluids'', 19, DOI: 10.1063/1.2813043, 1997</span>
# <span id="51">Meneveau, C., Lund, T. and Cabot, W., A Lagrangian dynamic subgrid-scale model of turbulence, ''J.&nbsp;Fluid Mech.'', 319,  p.353&ndash;385, 1996</span>
# <span id="52">Worthy, J. and Rubini, P. A., Large eddy simulation of buoyant plumes, in ''Proc. 4th Int. Seminar on Fire &amp; Explosion Hazards'',  Londonderry, UK, 2003</span>
# <span id="53">Worthy, J. and Rubini, P., A study of LES stress and flux models applied to a buoyant jet, ''Num. Heat Trans. Part B'', 48,  p.235&ndash;256, 2005</span>
# <span id="54">Worthy, J., ''Large eddy simulation of buoyant plumes'', PhD Thesis, School of Mech. Eng, Cranfield University, UK, 2003</span>
# <span id="55">Metais, O. and Lesieur, M., Spectral large eddy simulations of isotropic and stably-stratified turbulence, ''J.&nbsp;Fluid Mech.'', 239,  p.157&ndash;194, 1992</span>
# <span id="56">Schumann, U., Subgrid-scale model for finite-difference simulations in plane channels and annuli, ''J.&nbsp;Comp. Phys.'', 18,  p.376&ndash;404, 1975</span>
# <span id="57">Leonard, A., Energy cascade in large-eddy simulations of turbulent flows, ''Adv. Geophys.'', 18, p.237&ndash;248, 1974</span>
# <span id="58">Bardina, J., Ferziger, J. H. and Reynolds, W. C., Improved subgrid scale models for large eddy simulations, in ''AIAA Paper 80-1357'', 1980</span>
# <span id="59">Burton, G. C. and Dahm, W. J., Multifractal subgrid-scale modeling for large eddy simulation. Part I: Model development and ''a priori'' testing, ''Phys. Fluids'', 17, 075111, 2005</span>
# <span id="60">Burton, G. C. and Dahm, W. J., Multifractal subgrid-scale modeling for large eddy simulation. Part II: Backscatter limiting and ''a posteriori'' evaluation, ''Phys. Fluids'', 17, 075112, 2005</span>
# <span id="61">Kang, Y. and Wen, J. X., Large eddy simulation of a small pool fire, ''Combust. Sci. and Tech.'', 176,  p.2193&ndash;2223, 2004</span>
# <span id="62">Wen, J. X., Kang, K., Donchev, T. and Karwatzki, J. M., Validation of FDS for the prediction of medium-scale pool fires, ''Fire Safety Journal'', 42,  p.127&ndash;138, 2007</span>
# <span id="63">Bastiaans, R. J. M., Rindt, C. C. M., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and van Steenhoven, A. A., Direst and large-eddy simulation of the transition of two and three-dimensional plane plumes in a confined enclosure, ''Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer'', 43,  p.2375&ndash;2393, 2000</span>
# <span id="64">Blanchat, T. K., Characterization of the air source and plume source at FLAME, in ''Report SAND2001-2227'', Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2001</span>
# <span id="65">Germano, M., Piomelli, U., Moin, P. and Cabot, W. H., A dynamic subgrid scale eddy viscosity model, ''Phys. Fluids A'', 3,  p.1760&ndash;1765, 1991</span>
# <span id="66">Lilly, D. K., A proposed modification to the Germano subgrid-scale closure model, ''Phys. Fluids A'', 4,  p.633&ndash;635, 1992</span>
# <span id="67">Fureby, C., On subgrid scale modelling in large eddy simulations of compressible flow, ''Phys. Fluids'', 8, p.1301&ndash;1311, 1996</span>
# <span id="68">Ragab, S. A. and Sheen, S., Large eddy simulation of a mixing layer, in ''AIAA Paper 91-0233'', 1991</span>
# <span id="69">Ragab, S. A., Sheen, S. and Sreedhar, M., An investigation of finite difference methods for large eddy simulations of a mixing layer, in ''AIAA Paper 92-0554'', 1992</span>
# <span id="70">O&lsquo;Rourke, P. J. and Bracco, F. V., Two scaling transformations for the numerical computation of multidimensional unsteady laminar flames, ''J.&nbsp;Comput. Phys.'', 33, p.184, 1979</span>
# <span id="71">Ramshaw, J. D., O&lsquo;Rourke, P. J. and Stein, L. R., Pressure gradient scaling method for fluid flow with nearly uniform pressure, ''J.&nbsp;Comput. Phys.'', 58,  p.360, 1985</span>
# <span id="72">Rudy, D. H. and Strikwerda, J. C., A nonreflecting outflow boundary condition for subsonic Navier-Stokes calculations, ''J.&nbsp;Comput. Phys.'', 36,  p.55&ndash;70, 1980</span>
# <span id="73">Rudy, D. H. and Strikwerda, J. C., Boundary-conditions for subsonic compressible Navier-Stokes calculations, ''J.&nbsp;Comput. Phys.'', 9,  p.327&ndash;338, 1981</span>
# <span id="74">Ghosal, S., An analysis of numerical errors in large-eddy simulations of turbulence, ''J.&nbsp;Comp. Phys.'', 125,  p.187&ndash;206, 1996</span>
# <span id="75">Mittal, R. and Moin, P., Suitability of upwind-biased finite difference schemes for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows, ''AIAA&nbsp;J.'', 35,  p.1415&ndash;1417, 1997</span>
# <span id="76">Pierce, C. D., ''Progress-variable approach for large eddy simulation of combustion'', PhD Thesis, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Stanford University, California 2001</span>
# <span id="77">Pierce, C. D. and Moin, P., Progress-variable approach for large eddy simulation of non-premixed turbulent combustion, ''J.&nbsp;Fluid Mech.'', 504,  p.73&ndash;97, 2004</span>
# <span id="78">McGrattan, K., Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 4): Technical Reference Guide, in ''NIST Special Publication 1018'', Gaithersburg, MD, 2006</span>
# <span id="79">Geurts, B. J. and Frohlich, J., Numerical effects contaminating LES: a mixed story, in ''Modern simulation strategies for turbulent flow'', B. J. Geurts (Ed.), R. T. Edwards Inc., 2001</span>
# <span id="80">Ferziger, J. H. and Peric, M., ''Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004</span>
# <span id="81">Geurts, B. J., Interacting errors in large-eddy simulation: a review of recent developments, ''J.&nbsp;Turbulence'', 7, DOI: 10.1080/14685240600796507, 2006</span>
# <span id="82">Boris, J. P., Grinstein, F. F., Oran, E. S. and Kolbe, R. L., New insights into Large Eddy Simulation, ''Fluid Dyn. Res.'', 10,  p.199&ndash;228, 1992</span>
# <span  id="83">Pope, S. B., Ten questions concerning the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows, ''New Journal of Physics'', 6, p.1&ndash;24, 2004</span>
# <span id="84">Gullbrand, J. and Chow, F. K., The effect of numerical errors and turbulence models in large-eddy simulations of channel flow, with and without explicit filtering, ''J.&nbsp;Fluid Mech.'', 495, p.323&ndash;341, 2003</span>
# <span id="85">Geurts, B. J., ''Elements of direct and large-eddy simulation'', R. T. Edwards, 2003</span>
# <span id="86">Meyers, J., Guerts, B.J. and Baelmans, M., Optimality of the dynamic procedure for large-eddy simulation, ''Phys. Fluids'', 17, 045108, 2005</span>
# <span id="87">Klein, M., An attempt to assess the quality of large eddy simulations in the context of implicit filtering, ''Flow Turbulence and Combustion'', 75, p.131&ndash;147, 2005</span>
# <span id="88">Freitag, M. and Klein, M., An improved method to assess the quality of large eddy simulations in the context of implicit filtering, ''J.&nbsp;Turbulence'', DOI 10.1080/14685240600726710, 2006</span>
# <span id="89">Celik, I. B., Klein, M., Freitag, M. and Janicka, J., Assessment measures for URANS/DES/LES: an overview with applications, ''J.&nbsp;Turbulence'', DOI:10.1080/14685240600794379, 2006</span>
# <span id="90">Celik, I, Klein, M. and Janicka, J., Assessment measures for engineering LES applications, ''J.&nbsp;Fluids Eng.'', DOI:10.1115/1.3059703, 2009</span>
# <span id="91">Gant, S. E., Reliability issues of LES-related approaches in an industrial context, ''Flow, Turb. Combust.'', 84, p.325&ndash;335, 2009</span>
# <span id="92">Baggett, J. S., Jimenez, J. and Kravchenko, A. G., Resolution requirements in large-eddy simulations of shear flows, in ''Annual Research Briefs, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford'', 1997</span>
#  <span id="93">Addad, Y., Benhamadouche, S. and Laurence, D., The negatively buoyant wall-jet: LES results, ''Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow'', 25,  p.795&ndash;808, 2004</span>


{{UFRHeader
{{UFRHeader

Latest revision as of 19:19, 11 February 2017

Front Page

Description

Test Case Studies

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice

References

Underlying Flow Regime 1-07

Bibliography

  1. DesJardin, P. E., O‘Hern, T. J. and Tieszen, R., Large eddy simulation and experimental measurements of the near-field of a large turbulent helium plume, Phys. Fluids, 16 , p.1866 – 1883, 2004
  2. Tieszen, S. R., Pitsch, H., Blanquart, G. and Abarzhi, S., Toward the development of a LES-SGS closure model for buoyant plumes, in Proc. of the Summer Program, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, 2004
  3. Xin, Y., Baroclinic effects on fire flow field, in Proc. 4th Joint Meeting of the U.S. Section of the Combustion Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 2005
  4. O‘Hern, T. J., Weckman, E. J., Gerhart, A. L., Tieszen, S. R. and Schefer, R. W., Experimental study of a turbulent buoyant helium plume, J. Fluid Mech., 544, p.143–171, 2005
  5. Chen, C. J. and Rodi, W., Vertical buoyant jets: a review of experimental data, Pergamon, New York, 1980
  6. List, E. J., Turbulent jets and plumes, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 14, p.189–212, 1982
  7. List, E. J., Mechanics of turbulent buoyant jets and plumes, in Turbulent Buoyant Jets and Plumes, Rodi, W. (Ed.), Pergamon Press, 1982
  8. Drysdale, D., An introduction to fire dynamics, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
  9. Dimonte, G., Youngs, D. L., Dimits, A., Weber, S., Marinak, M., Wunsch, S., Garasi, C., Robinson, A., Andrews, M. J., Ramaprabhu, P., Calder, A. C., Fryxell, B., Biello, Dursi, L., MacNeice, P., Olson, K., Ricker, P., Rosner, R., Timmes, F., Tufo, H., Young, Y.-N. And Zingale, M., A comparative study of the turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability using high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulations: The Alpha-Group collaboration, Phys. Fluids, 16, p.1668–1693, 2004
  10. Cook, A. W. and Dimotakis, P. E., Transition stages of Rayleigh-Taylor instability between miscible fluids, J. Fluid Mech., 457, p.69–99, 2002
  11. Jacobs, J. W. and Dalziel, S. B., Rayleigh-Taylor instability in complex stratifications, J. Fluid Mech., 542, p.251–279, 2005
  12. Cabot, W. H., Cook, A. W., Miller, P. L., Laney, D. E., Miller, M. C. and Childs, H. R., Large-eddy simulation of Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Phys. Fluids, 17,  DOI:10.1063/1.1942519, 2005
  13. Cook, A. W., Cabot, W. and Miller, P. L., The mixing transition in Rayleigh-Taylor instability, J. Fluid Mech., 511, p.333–362, 2004
  14. Buckmaster, J. and Peters, N., The infinite candle and its stability — a paradigm for flickering diffusion flames, in Proc. 21st Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1986
  15. Ghoniem, A. F., Lakkis, I. and Soteriou, M., Numerical simulation of the dynamics of large fire plumes and the phenomenon of puffing, in Proc. 26th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996
  16. Coats, C. M., Coherent structures in combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 22, p.427–509, 1996
  17. Albers, B. W. and Agrawal, A. K., Schlieren analysis of an oscillating gas-jet diffusion flame, Combust. Flame, 119, p.84–94, 1999
  18. Cetegen, B. M. and Kasper, K. D., Experiments on the oscillatory behavior of buoyant plumes of helium and helium-air mixtures, Phys. Fluids, 8,   p.2974, 1996
  19. Gebhart, B., Jaluria, Y., Mahajan, R. L. and Sammakia, B., Buoyancy-induced flows and transport, Hemisphere Pub. Corp., New York, 1988
  20. Juang, X. and Luo, K. H., Spatial direct numerical simulation of the large vortical structures in forced plumes, Flow Turbul. Combust., 64, p.43–69, 2000
  21. Jiang, X. and Luo, K. H., Direct numerical simulation of the puffing phenomenon of an axisymmetric thermal plume, Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics, 14, p.55–74, 2000
  22. Subbarao, E. R. and Cantwell, B. J., Investigation of a co-flowing buoyant jet: experiments on the effect of Reynolds number and Richardson number, J. Fluid Mech., 245, p.69–90, 1992
  23. Cetegen, B. M., Dong, Y. and Soteriou, M. C., Experiments on stability and oscillatory behavior of planar buoyant plumes, Phys. Fluids, 10, p.1658–1665, 1998
  24. Soteriou, M. C., Dong, Y. and Cetegen, B. M., Lagrangian simulation of the unsteady near field dynamics of planar buoyant plumes, Phys. Fluids, 14, p.3118–3140, 2002
  25. Cetegen, B. M. and Ahmed, T. A., Experiments on the periodic instability of buoyant plumes and pool fires, Combust. Flame, 93, p.157, 1993
  26. Hamins, A., Yang, J. C. and Kashiwagi, I., An experimental investigation of the pulsation frequency of flames, in Proc. 24th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992
  27. Kyle, D. M. and Sreenivasan, K. R., The instability and breakdown of a round variable density jet, J. Fluid Mech., 249, p.619–664, 1993
  28. Cetegen, B. M., Behavior of naturally unstable and periodically forced axisymmetric buoyant plumes of helium and helium-air mixtures, Phys. Fluids, 9, p.3742–3752, 1997
  29. Cetegen, B. M. and McTeague, J., Behavior of periodically forced buoyant plumes, in National Institute of Standards and Technology Annual Conference on Fire Research, Gaithersburg, MD, October 28–31, 1996
  30. Cetegen, B. M., Measurements of instantaneous velocity field of a non-reacting pulsating buoyant plume by Particle Image Velocimetry, Combust. Sci. Technol., 123, p.377–387, 1997
  31. Mell, W. E., Johnson, A., McGrattan, K. B. and Baum, H. R., Large eddy simulations of buoyant plumes, in Chemical & Physical Processes in Combustion, Proc. Fall Technical Meeting, 1995
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