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{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}
{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}




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'''[{{filepath:U3-01d33.pdf}} Click here to view the Quality Review]'''
 
 
 
= Boundary layer interacting with wakes under adverse<br />pressure gradient - NLR 7301 high lift configuration =
 
Underlying Flow Regime 3-01 <font size="-2" color="#888888">               © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font>
 
 
 
== References ==
 
[1] Carlson, J.R., Duquesne, N., Rumsey, C.L., Gatski, T.B. Computation of turbulent wake flows in variable pressure gradient. Computer &amp; Fluids, Vol. 30, 2001, pp. 161-187.
 
[2] Rumsey, C.L., Ying, S.X. Prediction of high lift: review of present CFD capability. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 38, 2002, pp. 145-180.
 
[3] Squire, L.C. Interactions between wakes and boundary-layers. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 26, 1989, pp. 261-288.
 
[4] Zhou, M.D, and Squire, L.C. The interaction of a wake with a turbulent boundary layer. The Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 89, 1985, pp.72-81.
 
[5] Liu, X., Thomas, F.O., Nelson, R.C. An experimental investigation of wake development in arbitrary pressure gradient. AIAA Paper 99-0677, 1999.
 
[6] Kyriakides, N.K., Kastrinakis, E.G., Nychas, S.G., Goulas, A. Proceedings Inst. Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 210, 1996, p. 167.
 
[7] Piomelli, U., Choudhari, M.M., Ovchinnikov V., Balaras, E. Numerical simulations of wake/boundary layer interactions. AIAA 2003-0975, 2003.
 
[8] Berg, B. van der. Boundary Layer Measurements on a Two-Dimensional Wing with Flap, NLR TR 79009 U, 1979.
 
[9] Haase, W. et al. EUROVAL - An European Initiative on Validation of CFD codes. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 42, 1992.
 
[10] Haase, W. et al. ECARP - European Computational Aerodynamics Research Projects: Validation of CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 58, 1997.
 
[11] Marini M. and Paoli R. Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Through the use of a Database. Proceedings ECCOMAS 2001.
 
[12] Gooden J.H.M and Lent M. Hot-Wire Measurements in the Two-Dimensional Wing Wake above a Trailing Edge Flap at a Condition Close to Maximum Lift, NLR CR 91038 C (Restricted), 1991.
 
[13] Larsson, T. Separated and high-lift flows over single and multi-element airfoils. ICAS 94-5.7.3, 1994.
 
[14] Godin, P, Zingg, D.W., Nelson, T.E. High-lift Aerodynamic computations with one and two equation turbulence models. AIAA Journal Vol. 35, No 2, 1997.
 
[15] Baldwin, B.S., Lomax, H. Thin layer approximation and algebraic model for separated turbulent flows. AIAA-paper 78-257, 1978.
 
[16] Spalart, P.R., Allmaras, S.A. A one-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows. AIAA Paper 92-0439, 1992.
 
[17] Jones, W.P., Launder, B.E. The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation turbulence model.. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 15, 1972, pp. 301-314.
 
[18] Launder, B.E., Sharma, B.I. Application of the energy-dissipation model of turbulence to the calculation of flow near a spinning disc. Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, 1974, p. 131.
 
[19] Chien, K. Prediction of channel and boundary layer flows with a low Reynolds number turbulence model. AIAA Journal, Vol. 20, 1982, pp. 33-38.
 
[20] Lam, C.K.G., Bremhorst, K. A modified form of the k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font> model for predicting wall turbulence. Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 103, 1981, pp. 456-460.
 
[21] Menter, F.R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, Vol. 32, 1994, pp. 1598-1605.
 
[22] Granville, P.S. Baldwin-Lomax factors for turbulent boundary layers in pressure gradients. AIAA Journal Vol. 25, 1987, pp. 1624-1627.
 
[23] Cebeci, T. and Smith, A.M.O. Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layers. Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics XV, Academic Press, 1974.
 
24] Kalitzin, G., Gould, A.R.B and Benton, J.J. Application of two-equation turbulence models in aircraft design, AIAA Paper 96-0327, 1996.
 
[25] Speziale, C.G., Abid, R. and Anderson, E.C. Critical evaluation of two-equation models for near wall turbulence. AIAA Journal, Vol. 30, 1992, pp. 324-331.
 
[26] Wolfshtein, M. The velocity and temperature distribution in one-dimensional flow with turbulence augmentation and pressure gradient. Int. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 12, 1969, p. 139.
 
[27] Shih, T-H., Zhu, J. and Lumley, J.L. A realisable Reynolds stress algebraic model. NASA TM 105993, 1993.
 
[28] An. A Selection of Experimental Test Cases for the Validation of CFD Codes. AGARD AR 303, 1994.
 
 <span lang="EN-US"><font size="12.0pt"><br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />'''<span>'''Appendix A: Figures from ECARP [10]'''</span>'''</font></span>''' '''
 
'''Remark: the figures are scanned from the ECARP Book [10], and use the figure numbering and captions of the original text.'''
 
''' '''
 
<div><center>
 
{| style="margin-left: -8.15pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>'''Reference in Figures'''</center>
| style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>'''Turbulence Model'''</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>C+W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien + Wolfshtein k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>KG</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Kalitzin-Gould k-<font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">t</font></span></font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>GRB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Granville/Baldwin-Lomax</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>C</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>BL</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Baldwin-Lomax</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>JL</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Launder-Sharma-Yap k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>C+LSC</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Chien k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font> + length scale correction</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>LB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Lam-Bremhorst k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>CS</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Cebeci-Smith</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>M+SST</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Menter (incl SST correction)</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>LeB</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Le Balleur</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>SJL-W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Jones-Launder-Wolfshtein k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>SJL-W+SST</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Above + SST</center>
|-
| style="width: 134.45pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="179" valign="top" |
<center>SLZ-W</center>
| style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" |
<center>Shih-Lumley-Zhu-Wolfshtein non-linear k-<font face="Symbol">ε</font></center>
|}
 
</center></div>
 
''' '''
 
'''Table 4: Index to Turbulence Models used in ECARP figures reproduced on the following pages.'''
 
'''<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />'''
 
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[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image004.jpg]]
|}
 
<br clear="ALL" />''' '''
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image006.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image008.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image010.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image012.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image014.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image016.jpg]]  
 
{| align="left"
| width="1" |
|-
|
|
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image018.jpg]]
|}
 
<br clear="ALL" /><br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" /> 
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image021.gif]]<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image023.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image025.jpg]]  
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" /><br clear="ALL" />
 
'''Appendix B: Figures from Godin [14]'''
 
''' '''
 
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image027.jpg]]</center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>Fig. 14: Pressure Coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image029.jpg]]</center>
 
<center>Fig. 15: Skin friction coefficient NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="FR"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image031.jpg]]</center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>Fig. 16: Velocity Profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
 
<br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" />
 
<center> </center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>[[Image:U3-01d32_files_image033.jpg]]</center>
 
<center> </center>
 
<center>Fig. 17: Turbulent shear stress profiles NLR 7301 2.6% gap <font face="Symbol"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Symbol">a</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US"> = 13.1'''<span>'''°'''</span>'''</span></center>
 
<font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br />
----
 
 
Contributors: Jan Vos - CFS Engineering SA




{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}
{{UFR|front=UFR 3-01|description=UFR 3-01 Description|references=UFR 3-01 References|testcase=UFR 3-01 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 3-01 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 3-01 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 3-01 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 3-01 Related ACs}}
[[Category:Underlying Flow Regime]]

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