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{{UFR|front=UFR 2-04|description=UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 2-04 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 2-04 Related ACs}} | {{UFR|front=UFR 2-04|description=UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 2-04 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 2-04 Related ACs}} | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
Biswas D., and Fukuyama, Y., (1994), | Biswas D., and Fukuyama, Y., (1994), “Calculation of Transitional Boundary Layers with an Improved Low-Reynolds-Number Version of k–ε Turbulence Model,”''' ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 116, pp. 765-773. | ||
Biswas D., Iwasaki, H., and Ishizuka, M., (1997), | Biswas D., Iwasaki, H., and Ishizuka, M., (1997), “Numerical Analysis of Two-Dimensional Compressible Viscous Flow in Turbomachinery Cascades Using an Improved k-ε Turbulence Model”, '''ASME Paper 97-GT-417'''. | ||
Craft, T. J., Launder, B. E., and Suga, K., (1993), | Craft, T. J., Launder, B. E., and Suga, K., (1993), “Extending the Applicability of Eddy viscosity Models through the Use of Deformation Invariants and Non-Linear Elements,” '''''Proc. 5<sup>th</sup> Int. Symp. Refined Flow Modelling and Turbulent Measurements''''', p. 125. | ||
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), | Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 1 - A Unique Experimental Facility,” '''''ASME Paper 87-GT-248'''''. | ||
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), | Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 2 - Suction Surface Boundary Layers,” '''''ASME Paper 87-GT-249'''''. | ||
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), | Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 3 - Pressure Surface Boundary Layers and the Near Wake,” '''''ASME Paper 87-GT-250'''''. | ||
Elazar, Y., and Shreeve, R. P., (1990), | Elazar, Y., and Shreeve, R. P., (1990), “Viscous Flow in a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade With Increasing Incidence,” '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 112, pp. 256-266. | ||
Emmons, H. W., (1951), | Emmons, H. W., (1951), “The Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Boundary Layer — Part I,” '''J. Aerospace Science''', Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 490-498. | ||
Kang, S.-H., Lik, J. S., Choi M.-R., and Kim, K.-Y., (1995), | Kang, S.-H., Lik, J. S., Choi M.-R., and Kim, K.-Y., (1995), “Numerical Calculations of the Turbulent Flow Through a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade,” '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 117, pp. 223-230. | ||
Launder, B. E., and Sharma, B. I., (1974), | Launder, B. E., and Sharma, B. I., (1974), “Application of the Energy-Dissipation Model of Turbulence to the Calculation of Flows Near a Spinning Disk,” '''Letters Heat Mass Transfer''', Vol. 1, pp. 131-138. | ||
Leonard, B. P., (1979), | Leonard, B. P., (1979), “A Stable and Accurate Convective Modelling Procedure Based on Quadratic Upstream Interpolation,” '''Comp. Meth. Applied Mech. Engineering''', Vol. 19, pp. 59-98. | ||
Lien, F. S., Chen, W. L., and Leschziner, M. A., (1996), | Lien, F. S., Chen, W. L., and Leschziner, M. A., (1996), “A Multiblock Implementation of a Non-Orthogonal, Collocated Finite Volume Algorithm for Complex Turbulent Flows,” '''Int. J. Num. Methods Fluids''', Vol. 23, pp. 567-588. | ||
Lien, F. S., and Leschziner, M. A., (1993), | Lien, F. S., and Leschziner, M. A., (1993), “Computational Modelling of 3D Turbulent flow in S-Diffuser and Transition Ducts,” '''Letters Heat Mass Transfer''', Vol. 131. | ||
Mayle, R. E., (1991), | Mayle, R. E., (1991), “The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines,” '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 113, pp. 509 – 537. | ||
Menter, F. R., (1992), | Menter, F. R., (1992), “Improved Two-Equation k–[[Image:U2-04d32_files_image029.gif]]NASA TM 103975. | ||
Schmidt, R. C., and Patankar, S. V., (1991), | Schmidt, R. C., and Patankar, S. V., (1991), “Simulating Boundary Layer Transition with Low-Reynolds-Number k–[[Image:U2-04d32_files_image030.gif]] Turbulence Models. I - An Evaluation of Prediction Characteristics. II - An Approach to Improving the Predictions,” '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 113, pp. 10-26. | ||
Shreeve, R. P., Elazar, Y., Dreon, J. W., and Baydar, A., (1991), | Shreeve, R. P., Elazar, Y., Dreon, J. W., and Baydar, A., (1991), “Wake Measurements and Loss Evaluation in a Controlled Diffusion Cascade,” '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 113, pp. 591-599. | ||
Steelant, J., and Dick, E., (1996), | Steelant, J., and Dick, E., (1996), “Modelling of Bypass Transition with Conditioned Navier-Stokes Equations Coupled to an Intermittency Transport Equation,” '''Int. J. Num. Methods Fluids''', Vol. 23, pp. 193 – 220. | ||
Suzen, Y. B., and Huang, P. G., (2000), | Suzen, Y. B., and Huang, P. G., (2000), “Modelling of Flow Transition Using an Intermittency Transport Equation,” '''ASME J. Fluids Engineering''', Vol. 122, pp.273-284. | ||
Tselepidakis, D. P., (1996), | Tselepidakis, D. P., (1996), “Modelling and Prediction of the Laminar Leading-Edge Separation and Transition in a Blade-Cascade Flow,” '''''ASME Paper 96-GT-411'''''. | ||
Zierke, W. C., and Deutsch, S., (1989), | Zierke, W. C., and Deutsch, S., (1989), ‘The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 4 - Flow Fields for Incidence Angles of -1.5 and -8.5 Degrees,’ '''ASME Paper 89-GT-71''', also '''ASME J. Turbomachinery''', Vol. 112, pp. 241-255 (1990). | ||
Wilcox, D. C., (1994), | Wilcox, D. C., (1994), “Simulation of Transition with a Two-Equation Turbulence Model,” '''AIAA J.''', Vol. 32, p. 247. | ||
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<center>'''Figure | <center>'''Figure 1'''<nowiki>: Viscous flow features in a compressor cascade (from Elazar and Shreeve, 1990).</nowiki></center> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 2'''<nowiki>: Schematic of the cascade wind tunnel (from Elazar and Shreeve, 1990).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 3'''<nowiki>: Cascade passage geometry and LDV measuring stations (from Elazar and Shreeve, 1990).</nowiki> | ||
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''' | ''' ''' | ||
'''Figure | '''Figure 4'''<nowiki>: Alternative grid arrangements used by Lien et al. (1996).</nowiki><br /> Upper: H-type grid (in either single block or multi-block arrangements).<br /> Middle: H-/O-type multi-block grid arrangement.<br /> Lower: Details of the two grids in the leading edge region. | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 5'''<nowiki>: Pressure coefficient distributions along the blade chord. Clock-wise from upper right: Lien et al. (1996), Tselepidakis (1996), Biswas et al. (1997) and Kang et al. (1995).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 6'''<nowiki>: Stream function contours at the leading edge. Right: Tselepidakis (1996), left: Kang et al. (1995).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 7'''<nowiki>: Pressure loss coefficient (left) and exit flow angle (right) distributions (from Kang et al., 1995).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 8'''<nowiki>: Boundary layer parameters distributions. Left: Boundary layer thickness. Middle: Displacement thickness. Right: Momentum thickness (from Lien et al., 1996).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 9'''<nowiki>: Left: Boundary layer shape factor. Middle: Downstream wake velocity distribution. Right: Variation of minimum velocity with distance (from Biswas et al., 1997).</nowiki> | ||
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'''Figure | '''Figure 10'''<nowiki>: Stream velocity (left) and turbulence intensity (right) profiles on suction side (from Tselepidakis, 1996).</nowiki> | ||
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<font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br /> | <font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br /> | ||
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{{UFR|front=UFR 2-04|description=UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 2-04 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 2-04 Related ACs}} | {{UFR|front=UFR 2-04|description=UFR 2-04 Description|references=UFR 2-04 References|testcase=UFR 2-04 Test Case|evaluation=UFR 2-04 Evaluation|qualityreview=UFR 2-04 Quality Review|bestpractice=UFR 2-04 Best Practice Advice|relatedACs=UFR 2-04 Related ACs}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:40, 11 February 2017
Flow around (airfoils and) blades (subsonic)
Underlying Flow Regime 2-04 © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004
References
Biswas D., and Fukuyama, Y., (1994), “Calculation of Transitional Boundary Layers with an Improved Low-Reynolds-Number Version of k–ε Turbulence Model,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 116, pp. 765-773.
Biswas D., Iwasaki, H., and Ishizuka, M., (1997), “Numerical Analysis of Two-Dimensional Compressible Viscous Flow in Turbomachinery Cascades Using an Improved k-ε Turbulence Model”, ASME Paper 97-GT-417.
Craft, T. J., Launder, B. E., and Suga, K., (1993), “Extending the Applicability of Eddy viscosity Models through the Use of Deformation Invariants and Non-Linear Elements,” Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Refined Flow Modelling and Turbulent Measurements, p. 125.
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 1 - A Unique Experimental Facility,” ASME Paper 87-GT-248.
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 2 - Suction Surface Boundary Layers,” ASME Paper 87-GT-249.
Deutsch, S., and Zierke, W. C., (1987), “The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 3 - Pressure Surface Boundary Layers and the Near Wake,” ASME Paper 87-GT-250.
Elazar, Y., and Shreeve, R. P., (1990), “Viscous Flow in a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade With Increasing Incidence,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 112, pp. 256-266.
Emmons, H. W., (1951), “The Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Boundary Layer — Part I,” J. Aerospace Science, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 490-498.
Kang, S.-H., Lik, J. S., Choi M.-R., and Kim, K.-Y., (1995), “Numerical Calculations of the Turbulent Flow Through a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 117, pp. 223-230.
Launder, B. E., and Sharma, B. I., (1974), “Application of the Energy-Dissipation Model of Turbulence to the Calculation of Flows Near a Spinning Disk,” Letters Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, pp. 131-138.
Leonard, B. P., (1979), “A Stable and Accurate Convective Modelling Procedure Based on Quadratic Upstream Interpolation,” Comp. Meth. Applied Mech. Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 59-98.
Lien, F. S., Chen, W. L., and Leschziner, M. A., (1996), “A Multiblock Implementation of a Non-Orthogonal, Collocated Finite Volume Algorithm for Complex Turbulent Flows,” Int. J. Num. Methods Fluids, Vol. 23, pp. 567-588.
Lien, F. S., and Leschziner, M. A., (1993), “Computational Modelling of 3D Turbulent flow in S-Diffuser and Transition Ducts,” Letters Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 131.
Mayle, R. E., (1991), “The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 113, pp. 509 – 537.
Menter, F. R., (1992), “Improved Two-Equation k–NASA TM 103975.
Schmidt, R. C., and Patankar, S. V., (1991), “Simulating Boundary Layer Transition with Low-Reynolds-Number k– Turbulence Models. I - An Evaluation of Prediction Characteristics. II - An Approach to Improving the Predictions,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 113, pp. 10-26.
Shreeve, R. P., Elazar, Y., Dreon, J. W., and Baydar, A., (1991), “Wake Measurements and Loss Evaluation in a Controlled Diffusion Cascade,” ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 113, pp. 591-599.
Steelant, J., and Dick, E., (1996), “Modelling of Bypass Transition with Conditioned Navier-Stokes Equations Coupled to an Intermittency Transport Equation,” Int. J. Num. Methods Fluids, Vol. 23, pp. 193 – 220.
Suzen, Y. B., and Huang, P. G., (2000), “Modelling of Flow Transition Using an Intermittency Transport Equation,” ASME J. Fluids Engineering, Vol. 122, pp.273-284.
Tselepidakis, D. P., (1996), “Modelling and Prediction of the Laminar Leading-Edge Separation and Transition in a Blade-Cascade Flow,” ASME Paper 96-GT-411.
Zierke, W. C., and Deutsch, S., (1989), ‘The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 4 - Flow Fields for Incidence Angles of -1.5 and -8.5 Degrees,’ ASME Paper 89-GT-71, also ASME J. Turbomachinery, Vol. 112, pp. 241-255 (1990).
Wilcox, D. C., (1994), “Simulation of Transition with a Two-Equation Turbulence Model,” AIAA J., Vol. 32, p. 247.
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Figure 2: Schematic of the cascade wind tunnel (from Elazar and Shreeve, 1990). |
Figure 3: Cascade passage geometry and LDV measuring stations (from Elazar and Shreeve, 1990). |
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Figure 5: Pressure coefficient distributions along the blade chord. Clock-wise from upper right: Lien et al. (1996), Tselepidakis (1996), Biswas et al. (1997) and Kang et al. (1995). |
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Figure 6: Stream function contours at the leading edge. Right: Tselepidakis (1996), left: Kang et al. (1995). |
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Figure 7: Pressure loss coefficient (left) and exit flow angle (right) distributions (from Kang et al., 1995). |
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Figure 8: Boundary layer parameters distributions. Left: Boundary layer thickness. Middle: Displacement thickness. Right: Momentum thickness (from Lien et al., 1996). |
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Figure 9: Left: Boundary layer shape factor. Middle: Downstream wake velocity distribution. Right: Variation of minimum velocity with distance (from Biswas et al., 1997). |
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Figure 10: Stream velocity (left) and turbulence intensity (right) profiles on suction side (from Tselepidakis, 1996). |
© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004
Contributors: E. S. Politis - NTUA
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