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{{AC|front=AC 6-06|description=Description_AC6-06|testdata=Test Data_AC6-06|cfdsimulations=CFD Simulations_AC6-06|evaluation=Evaluation_AC6-06|qualityreview=Quality Review_AC6-06|bestpractice=Best Practice Advice_AC6-06|relatedUFRs=Related UFRs_AC6-06}}
='''Gas Turbine nozzle cascade'''=
='''Gas Turbine nozzle cascade'''=


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{|border="1" cell padding="25" cell spacing="3"
!  !! '''<math>R_2 x 10^6</math>''' !! '''M2is''' !! '''Tu%''' !! '''Total Temp (K)''' !! '''Total Pres (bar)''' !! '''Wall Temp (K)''' !! '''detailed data'''
|-
|'''MUR241''' || 2.1139 || 1.089 || 6 || 416.4 || 3.257 || 299.75 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR239''' || 2.1397 || 0.922 || 6 || 411.9 || 3.387 || 299.75 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR245''' || 2.1343 || 0.924 || 4 || 412.6 || 3.384 || 300.75 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR243''' || 2.1289 || 1.098 || 4 || 414.70 || 3.260 || 301.45 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR116''' || 2.1059 || 1.090 || 0.8 || 418.9 || 3.269 || 297.55 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR247''' || 2.1171 || 0.922 || 1.0 || 416.20 || 3.395 || 302.15 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR232''' || 1.0915 || 1.061 || 6.0 || 413.20 || 1.673 || 298.45 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR235''' || 1.1521 || 0.927 || 6.0 || 413.30 || 1.828 || 301.15 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR237''' || 1.0112 || 0.775 || 6.0 || 417.30 || 1.753 || 299.85 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR213''' || 1.0904 || 1.068 || 4.0 || 413.10 || 1.669 || 298.25 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR217''' || 1.1614 || 0.934 || 6.0 || 413.20 || 1.673 || 298.45 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR232''' || 1.0915 || 1.061 || 4.0 || 412.70 || 1.835 || 300.15 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR218''' || 1.0071 || 0.760 || 6.0 || 413.50 || 1.744 || 300.25 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR210''' || 1.1001 || 1.076 || 1.0 || 414.60 || 1.689 || 297.35 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR129''' || 1.1352 || 0.840 || 0.8 || 409.20 || 1.849 || 297.75 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR132''' || 0.966 || 0.680 || 0.8 || 408.50 || 1.757 || 299.75 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR222''' || 0.5477 || 1.135 || 6.0 || 409.20 || 0.822 || 301.95 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR224''' || 0.5919 || 0.927 || 6.0 || 402.60 || 0.909 || 302.05 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR221''' || 0.55165 || 1.134 || 4.0 || 405.30 || 0.818 || 301.55 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR226''' || 0.58455 || 0.920 || 4.0 || 404.10 || 0.904 || 301.65 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR230''' || 0.56017 || 1.1.118 || 1.0 || 402.30 || 0.824 || 303.95 || Q,H
|-
|'''MUR228''' || 0.59554 || 0.932 || 1.0 || 403.30 || 0.915 || 302.85 || Q,H
|}
   
   
R2x106
M2is
Tu%
Total Temp(K)
Total Pres(bar)
Wall Temp (K)
detailed data
MUR241
2.1139
1.089
6
416.4
3.257
299.75
Q,H
MUR239
2.1397
0.922
6
411.9
3.387
299.75
Q,H
MUR245
2.1343
0.924
4
412.6
3.384
300.75
Q,H
MUR243
2.1289
1.098
4
414.70
3.260
301.45
Q,H
MUR116
2.1059
1.090
0.8
418.9
3.269
297.55
Q,H
MUR247
2.1171
0.922
1.0
416.20
3.395
302.15
Q,H
MUR232
1.0915
1.061
6.0
413.20
1.673
298.45
Q,H
MUR235
1.1521
0.927
6.0
413.30
1.828
301.15
Q,H
MUR237
1.0112
0.775
6.0
417.30
1.753
299.85
Q,H
MUR213
1.0904
1.068
4.0
413.10
1.669
298.25
Q,H
MUR217
1.1614
0.934
6.0
413.20
1.673
298.45
Q,H
MUR232
1.0915
1.061
4.0
412.70
1.835
300.15
Q,H
MUR218
1.0071
0.760
6.0
413.50
1.744
300.25
Q,H
MUR210
1.1001
1.076
1.0
414.60
1.689
297.35
Q,H
MUR129
1.1352
0.840
0.8
409.20
1.849
297.75
Q,H
MUR132
0.966
0.680
0.8
408.50
1.757
299.75
Q,H
MUR222
0.5477
1.135
6.0
409.20
0.822
301.95
Q,H
MUR224
0.5919
0.927
6.0
402.60
0.909
302.05
Q,H
MUR221
0.55165
1.134
4.0
405.30
0.818
301.55
Q,H
MUR226
0.58455
0.920
4.0
404.10
0.904
301.65
Q,H
MUR230
0.56017
1.1.118
1.0
402.30
0.824
303.95
Q,H
MUR228
0.59554
0.932
1.0
403.30
0.915
302.85
Q,H
Table 2- Blade Heat Transfer Results
Table 2- Blade Heat Transfer Results


   
   
 
{|border="1" cell padding="25" cell spacing="3"
!  !! '''M2is''' !! '''Re''' !! '''Tu''' !! '''T01''' !! '''P01''' !! '''x''' !! '''b'''
|-
|'''MUR 151''' || 0.710 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 415.0 || 1.779 || 2.46 ||
|-
|'''MUR 152''' || 0.704 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 413.0 || 1.758 || 2.42 ||
|-
|'''MUR 153''' || 0.701 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 408.0 || 1.759 || 2.36 ||
|-
|'''MUR 250''' || 0.880 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 415.0 || 1.785 || 2.90 || 73.80
|-
|'''MUR 251''' || 0.890 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 410.0 || 1.827 || 2.81 || 73.82
|-
|'''MUR 252''' || 0.880 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 418.0 || 1.841 || 2.93 || 73.77
|-
|'''MUR 253''' || 0.880 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 414.0 || 3.157 || 2.97 ||
|-
|'''MUR 254''' || 0.890 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 413.0 || 3.169 || 3.07 ||
|-
|'''MUR 258''' || 0.880 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 415.0 || 3.184 || 2.60 ||
|-
|'''MUR 259''' || 0.880 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 417.0 || 3.218 || 2.82 ||
|-
|'''MUR 260''' || 0.890 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 412.0 || 3.165 || 2.68 ||
|-
|'''MUR 261''' || 0.890 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 411.0 || 3.133 || 2.67 ||
|-
|'''MUR 264''' || 0.970 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 414.0 || 0.910 || 2.00 || 74.62
|-
|'''MUR 265''' || 0.970 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 412.0 || 0.906 || 2.02 || 74.64
|-
|'''MUR 266''' || 0.970 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 410.0 || 0.899 || 2.00 || 74.40
|-
|'''MUR 269''' || 1.175 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 407.0 || 0.921 || 5.17 || 73.82
|-
|'''MUR 270''' || 1.176 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 414.0 || 0.924 || 5.15 || 73.54
|-
|'''MUR 271''' || 1.168 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 408.0 || 0.936 || 5.66 || 73.87
|-
|'''MUR 272''' || 1.095 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 409.0 || 1.895 || 5.00 || 73.19
|-
|'''MUR 273''' || 1.104 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 417.0 || 1.900 || 5.18 || 73.18
|-
|'''MUR 274''' || 1.079 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 411.0 || 3.213 || 6.09 ||
|-
|'''MUR 275''' || 1.075 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 415.0 || 3.264 || 6.37 ||
|-
|'''MUR 277''' || 1.009 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 416.0 || 3.293 || 4.12 ||
|-
|'''MUR 278''' || 1.008 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 418.0 || 3.283 || 4.02 ||
|-
|'''MUR 279''' || 1.046 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 407.0 || 1.900 || 3.68 || 73.95
|-
|'''MUR 280''' || 1.049 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 405.0 || 1.864 || 3.57 || 74.10
|-
|'''MUR 281''' || 1.085 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 412.0 || 0.884 || 4.42 || 73.48
|-
|'''MUR 282''' || 1.090 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 407.0 || 0.882 || 3.82 || 73.82
|-
|'''MUR 283''' || 0.884 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 411.0 || 0.889 || 1.77 || 74.46
|-
|'''MUR 284''' || 0.875 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 409.0 || 0.897 || 1.76 || 74.42
|-
|'''MUR 285''' || 0.868 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 413.0 || 0.889 || 1.74 || 74.46
|-
|'''MUR 286''' || 0.801 || 5.00E+05 || 1.00 || 413.0 || 0.903 || 1.67 || 74.79
|-
|'''MUR 288''' || 0.769 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 412.0 || 1.817 || 2.55 || 74.27
|-
|'''MUR 289''' || 0.765 || 1.00E+06 || 1.00 || 406.0 || 1.826 || 2.49 || 74.37
|-
|'''MUR 290''' || 0.760 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 415.0 || 3.171 || 2.71 ||
|-
|'''MUR 291''' || 0.757 || 2.00E+06 || 1.00 || 416.0 || 3.167 || 2.77 ||
|}
   
   


M2is
Table 3-Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution
 
Re
 
Tu
 
T01
 
P01
 
x
 
b
 
MUR 151
 
0.710
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
415.0
 
1.779
 
2.46


   
   
{|border="1" cell padding="25" cell spacing="3"
|-
|'''Blade Velocity''' || [[media:AC6-06_VELOCITY_DISTR.dat|VELOCITY_DISTR.dat]]
|-
|'''Heat Transfer''' || [[media:AC6-06_HEAT_TRANSFER.dat|HEAT_TRANSFER.dat]]
|-
|'''Loss & Angle''' || [[media:AC6-06_LOSS_ANGLE.dat|LOSS_ANGLE.dat]]
|}


MUR 152


0.704
Table 3- Summary of Measured Parameters & Available Data-Files


1.00E+06
=='''Blade Velocity Distribution'''==


1.00


413.0
'''Description of Experiment'''


1.758
For this particular set of experiments isentropic Mach number distributions were obtained for different loading from local static pressure measurements. Mach number is referred to the upstream total pressure. The central blade of the cascade was equipped with 27 static pressure tappings whose location is shown in Fig 2a-b, each of them is connected to a National Semi Conductor differential pressure transducer. The low pressure ports were connected to a vacuum pump to allow a regular verification of the calibration characteristics. Different experiments have been performed for different values of Mach number and total inlet pressure while the Reynolds number has been kept constant. The data are reported in file
[[media:AC6-06_VELOCITY_DISTR.dat|VELOCITY_DISTR.dat]], where for each test case the measured static pressure in bars is reported for each tap on suction and pressure side as a function of the curvilinear abscissa on the blade profile (in mm). The total inlet pressure, Re and Mach numbers characteristic of the simulation are reported under the test reference number while taps locations are listed in the file
[[media:AC6-06_PRESSURE_MEASURE_TAPS.dat|PRESSURE_MEASURE_TAPS.dat]].


2.42


'''Measurement Errors'''


MUR 153
The uncertainty on the various measured quantities, the frequency response of the measurement chain and the sampling rate are the same described in 2.1. The repeatability of the results remained within 0.5%. The influence of turbulence intensity and Reynolds number are not considered at this stage. The useful testing time was of the order of 450 ms.


0.701


1.00E+06
'''Measured Data'''


1.00
'''Blade Velocity''' Pressure measurements: tappings measurements of the static pressure for 27 location on the blade profile: 20 on the suction side 1 on the TE and 6 on the pressure side (Fig 2). The results are reported in the file
[[media:AC6-06_VELOCITY_DISTR.dat|VELOCITY_DISTR.dat]].


408.0
=='''Blade Heat Transfer Results'''==


1.759


2.36
'''Description of Experiment'''


For this set of experiments heat transfer distribution were obtained for different Mach and Reynolds numbers and freestream turbulence intensities by means of 45 platinum thin films whose location is shown in Figure 2 and listed in file
[[media:AC6-06_PRESSURE_MEASURE_FILMS.dat|PRESSURE_MEASURE_FILMS.dat]].
The latter were painted on a machinable glass ceramic blade replacing the central profile of the cascade.


MUR 250


0.880
'''Measurement Errors'''


1.00E+06
The frequency response of the measurement chain associated whit the thin films (gauges, analogs, amplifier) is above 1kHz. The sampling rate was selected to be 1Khz and signals were filtered at 800 Hz. The useful testing time was of the order of 300 ms. The repeatability of the results was remained within 1%. All tests were performed for un upstream total temperature of about 415-420K.


1.00


415.0
'''Measured Data'''


1.785
'''Heat Transfer Distribution''': The final heat transfer values for the 45 thin films used, 27 of which located on the blade suction side (Fig 2), are reported in the file
[[media:AC6-06_HEAT_TRANSFER.dat|HEAT_TRANSFER.dat]].
The heat transfer coefficients have been computed from measured heat flux and wall temperature reported in file
[[media:AC6-06_HEAT_FLUX.dat|HEAT_FLUX.dat]].


2.90
=='''Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution'''==


73.80


MUR 251
'''Description of Experiment'''


0.890
For this set of experiments the downstream integrated loss coefficient distribution (area averaged) was obtained as a function of the isentropic exit Mach number. The measurements were performed for three different reynolds number.


1.00E+06


1.00
'''Measurement Errors'''


410.0
The uncertainty on the loss coefficient was estimated to be 0.2. The general level of the losses, measured for 1% freestream turbulence, is quite low in the subsonic region. This is explained by the late transiction observed for all configurations with mach below 1.0.
 
1.827


2.81


73.82
'''Measured Data'''


MUR 252
'''Loss and Angle Distribution''':


0.880
Loss and angle are reported in file [[media:AC6-06_LOSS_ANGLE.dat|LOSS_ANGLE.dat]].


1.00E+06


1.00


418.0
© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


1.841
----
 
2.93
 
73.77
 
MUR 253
 
0.880
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
414.0
 
3.157
 
2.97
 
 
MUR 254
 
0.890
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
413.0
 
3.169
 
3.07
 
 
MUR 258
 
0.880
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
415.0
 
3.184
 
2.60
 
 
MUR 259
 
0.880
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
417.0
 
3.218
 
2.82
 
 
MUR 260
 
0.890
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
412.0
 
3.165
 
2.68
 
 
MUR 261
 
0.890
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
411.0
 
3.133
 
2.67
 
 
MUR 264
 
0.970
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
414.0
 
0.910
 
2.00
 
74.62
 
MUR 265
 
0.970
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
412.0
 
0.906
 
2.02
 
74.64
 
MUR 266
 
0.970
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
410.0
 
0.899
 
2.00
 
74.40
 
MUR 269
 
1.175
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
407.0
 
0.921
 
5.17
 
73.82
 
MUR 270
 
1.176
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
414.0
 
0.924
 
5.15
 
73.54
 
MUR 271
 
1.168
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
408.0
 
0.936
 
5.66
 
73.87
 
MUR 272
 
1.095
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
409.0
 
1.895
 
5.00
 
73.19
 
MUR 273
 
1.104
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
417.0
 
1.900
 
5.18
 
73.18
 
MUR 274
 
1.079
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
411.0
 
3.213
 
6.09
 
 
MUR 275
 
1.075
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
415.0
 
3.264
 
6.37
 
 
MUR 277
 
1.009
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
416.0
 
3.293
 
4.12
 
 
MUR 278
 
1.008
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
418.0
 
3.283
 
4.02
 
 
MUR 279
 
1.046
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
407.0
 
1.900
 
3.68
 
73.95
 
MUR 280
 
1.049
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
405.0
 
1.864
 
3.57
 
74.10
 
MUR 281
 
1.085
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
412.0
 
0.884
 
4.42
 
73.48
 
MUR 282
 
1.090
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
407.0
 
0.882
 
3.82
 
73.72
 
MUR 283
 
0.884
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
411.0
 
0.889
 
1.77
 
74.46
 
MUR 284
 
0.875
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
409.0
 
0.897
 
1.76
 
74.42
 
MUR 285
 
0.868
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
413.0
 
0.889
 
1.74
 
74.46
 
MUR 286
 
0.801
 
5.00E+05
 
1.00
 
413.0
 
0.903
 
1.67
 
74.79
 
MUR 288
 
0.769
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
412.0
 
1.817
 
2.55
 
74.27
 
MUR 289
 
0.765
 
1.00E+06
 
1.00
 
406.0
 
1.826
 
2.49
 
74.37
 
MUR 290
 
0.760
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
415.0
 
3.171
 
2.71
 
 
MUR 291
 
0.757
 
2.00E+06
 
1.00
 
416.0
 
3.167
 
2.77
 
 
Table 3-Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution
 
 
Blade Velocity
 
VELOCITY_DISTR.dat
 
Heat Transfer
 
HEAT_TRANSFER.dat
 
Loss&Angle
 
LOSS_ANGLE.dat
 
Table 3- Summary of Measured Parameters &Available Data-File
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Blade Velocity Distribution
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Description of Experiment
 
For this particular set of experiments isentropic Mach number distributions were obtained for different loading from local static pressure measurements. Mach number is referred to the upstream total pressure. The central blade of the cascade was equipped with 27 static pressure tappings whose location is shown in Fig 2a-b, each of them is connected to a National Semi Conductor differential pressure transducer. The low pressure ports were connected to a vacuum pump to allow a regular verification of the calibration characteristics. Different experiments have been performed for different values of Mach number and total inlet pressure while the Reynolds number has been kept constant. The data are reported in fileVELOCITY_DISTR.dat, where for each test case the measured static pressure in bars is reported for each tap on suction and pressure side as a function of the curvilinear abscissa on the blade profile (in mm). The total inlet pressure, Re and Mach numbers characteristic of the simulation are reported under the test reference number while taps locations are listed in the file PRESSURE_MEASURE_TAPS.dat.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measurement Errors
 
The uncertainty on the various measured quantities, the frequency response of the measurement chain and the sampling rate are the same described in 2.1. The repeatability of the results remained within 0.5%. The influence of turbulence intensity and Reynolds number are not considered at this stage. The useful testing time was of the order of 450 ms.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measured Data
 
Blade Velocity Pressure measurements: tappings measurements of the static pressure for 27 location on the blade profile: 20 on the suction side 1 on the TE and 6 on the pressure side (Fig 2). The results are reported in the file VELOCITY_DISTR.dat.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Blade Heat Transfer Results
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Description of Experiment
 
For this set of experiments heat transfer distribution were obtained for different Mach and Reynolds numbers and freestream turbulence intensities by means of 45 platinum thin films whose location is shown in Figure 2 and listed in file PRESSURE_MEASURE_FILMS.dat.. The latter were painted on a machinable glass ceramic blade replacing the central profile of the cascade.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measurement Errors
 
The frequency response of the measurement chain associated whit the thin films (gauges, analogs, amplifier) is above 1kHz. The sampling rate was selected to be 1Khz and signals were filtered at 800 Hz. The useful testing time was of the order of 300 ms. The repeatability of the results was remained within 1%. All tests were performed for un upstream total temperature of about 415-420K.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measured Data
 
Heat Transfer Distribution: The final heat transfer values for the 45 thin films used, 27 of which located on the blade suction side (Fig 2), are reported in the file HEAT_TRANSFER.dat . The the heat transfer coefficients have been computed from measured heat flux and wall temperature reported in file HEAT_FLUX.dat.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Description of Experiment
 
For this set of experiments the downstream integrated loss coefficient distribution (area averaged) was obtained as a function of the isentropic exit Mach number. The measurements were performed for three different reynolds number.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measurement Errors
 
The uncertainty on the loss coefficient was estimated to be 0.2. The general level of the losses, measured for 1% freestream turbulence, is quite low in the subsonic region. This is explained by the late transiction observed for all configurations with mach below 1.0.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measured Data
 
Loss and Angle Distribution:
 
Loss and angle are reported in file LOSS_ANGLE.dat.
© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


Contributors: Elisabetta Belardini - Universita di Firenze
Contributors: Elisabetta Belardini, Francesco Martelli - Universita di Firenze


Site Design and Implementation: Atkins and UniS
Site Design and Implementation: [[Atkins]] and [[UniS]]
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{{AC|front=AC 6-06|description=Description_AC6-06|testdata=Test Data_AC6-06|cfdsimulations=CFD Simulations_AC6-06|evaluation=Evaluation_AC6-06|qualityreview=Quality Review_AC6-06|bestpractice=Best Practice Advice_AC6-06|relatedUFRs=Related UFRs_AC6-06}}

Latest revision as of 17:02, 11 February 2017

Front Page

Description

Test Data

CFD Simulations

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice

Gas Turbine nozzle cascade

Application Challenge 6-06 © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


Overview of Tests

In order to have experimental results useful to validate turbulence and transition models implemented in CFD codes for a highly loaded turbine guide vane, different gas to wall temperature ratio, Mach and Reynolds numbers should be simulated. Different inlet total temperature, total pressure and mass flow should be provided.

In this regard the facility is made up of three parts: a 5 metres long and 1 metre diameter cylinder, the test section and a 15 m3 downstream dump tank. The cylinder is isolated from the test section by a slide valve. As the piston is pushed forward, the gas located in front of it is nearly isentropically compressed until it reaches the requested pressure and temperature levels. The fast opening of the valve allows the pressurised and heated gas to flow through the test section providing constant freestream conditions (total temperature, total pressure and mass flow) until the piston completes the stroke. The free-stream gas conditions can be varied between 300 and 600 K and 0.5 and 7 bar respectively.

The downstream dump tank allows a static pressure adjustment in the range of 0.15 to 3 bar allowing independent selection of Mach and Reynolds number. The typical test duration is 400 ms.

The test section is 250x100 mm2 wide. The blade has been designed by means of an inverse method for a nominal isentropic 0.9 mach number and is mounted on a linear cascade made of 5 profiles and 4 vanes. The central blade has been instrumented for both pressure and heat transfer measurements.

Free-stream total pressure and temperature, static pressure and turbulence intensity were measured 55 mm upstream the leading edge plane. The total pressure is measured by means of a Pitot probe connected to a variable reluctance Valydine differential pressure transducer, the total temperature by a K type thermocouple probe. Upstream wall static pressure is measured by means of tappings connected to National Semi Conductor differential pressure transducers.

Wall static tappings were also installed downstream of the cascade, in a plane parallel to the TE and located 16 mm downstream the LE itself. They covered a distance of 130 mm (more than two pitches) to verify the downstream periodicity of the flow field and to determine the exit Mach number to the cascade. Blade velocity distribution were obtained from 27 static pressure measurements performed along the central blade profile and referred to the upstream total pressure.

The downstream loss coefficient evolution and the exit flow angle were obtained by a traversing mechanism, transporting a Pitot probe over two pitches.

Local wall convective heat fluxes were obtained from the corresponding time dependent surface temperature evolutions, provided by platinum thin film gauges painted onto the central blade, made of machinable glass ceramic. The wall temperature/wall heat flux conversion was obtained from an electrical analogy, simulating a one dimensional semi-infinite body configuration. The convective heat transfer is computed as the ratio of the measured wall heat flux and the difference between the total freestream and the local temperatures.

One of the most important parameters in this investigation is represented by free-stream turbulence which can be completely defined only by means of two parameters: intensity and spectrum. In the CT-2 facility these measurements represented a challenge due to the nature of the flow which provoked difficulties in the calibration procedure of the hot wire probe. The free-stream turbulence is generated by a grid of a spanwise oriented parallel bars (d=3mm; s/d =4). The intensity is varied by a displacement of the grid upstrem of the blade model. In this way a maximum level of 6% can be obtained starting from a natural turbulence of the facility of 1.0 %. The turbulence intensity is measured using a constant temperature hot wire probe while the freestrem turbulence spectrum is obtained processing by means of a Fast Fourier transform analysis the raw signal coming from the hot wire probe.

The uncertainty on the various measured quantities is ±0.5% on pressure measurements, ±1.5K on temperature measurements, ±5% on heat transfer coefficient, ±0.2 points on the integrated loss coefficient and ±0.5 deg on the exit flow angle.

A comprehensive set of experimental data is available for comparing blade pressure profiles, heat transfer distributions, downstream loss coefficient and angle distributions. The experimental data available are listed in Table 1 , 2, and 3.


Re2 M2is Total Pressure (bar) Data Available
MUR43 1.E06 0.84 1.435 p
MUR44 1.E06 0.84 1.433 p
MUR45 1.E06 0.875 1.475 p
MUR46 1.E06 0.875 1.478 p
MUR47 1.E06 1.020 1.596 p
MUR48 1.E06 1.020 1.605 p
MUR49 1.E06 1.020 1.608 p


Table 1- Blade Velocity Distribution Data


M2is Tu% Total Temp (K) Total Pres (bar) Wall Temp (K) detailed data
MUR241 2.1139 1.089 6 416.4 3.257 299.75 Q,H
MUR239 2.1397 0.922 6 411.9 3.387 299.75 Q,H
MUR245 2.1343 0.924 4 412.6 3.384 300.75 Q,H
MUR243 2.1289 1.098 4 414.70 3.260 301.45 Q,H
MUR116 2.1059 1.090 0.8 418.9 3.269 297.55 Q,H
MUR247 2.1171 0.922 1.0 416.20 3.395 302.15 Q,H
MUR232 1.0915 1.061 6.0 413.20 1.673 298.45 Q,H
MUR235 1.1521 0.927 6.0 413.30 1.828 301.15 Q,H
MUR237 1.0112 0.775 6.0 417.30 1.753 299.85 Q,H
MUR213 1.0904 1.068 4.0 413.10 1.669 298.25 Q,H
MUR217 1.1614 0.934 6.0 413.20 1.673 298.45 Q,H
MUR232 1.0915 1.061 4.0 412.70 1.835 300.15 Q,H
MUR218 1.0071 0.760 6.0 413.50 1.744 300.25 Q,H
MUR210 1.1001 1.076 1.0 414.60 1.689 297.35 Q,H
MUR129 1.1352 0.840 0.8 409.20 1.849 297.75 Q,H
MUR132 0.966 0.680 0.8 408.50 1.757 299.75 Q,H
MUR222 0.5477 1.135 6.0 409.20 0.822 301.95 Q,H
MUR224 0.5919 0.927 6.0 402.60 0.909 302.05 Q,H
MUR221 0.55165 1.134 4.0 405.30 0.818 301.55 Q,H
MUR226 0.58455 0.920 4.0 404.10 0.904 301.65 Q,H
MUR230 0.56017 1.1.118 1.0 402.30 0.824 303.95 Q,H
MUR228 0.59554 0.932 1.0 403.30 0.915 302.85 Q,H


Table 2- Blade Heat Transfer Results


M2is Re Tu T01 P01 x b
MUR 151 0.710 1.00E+06 1.00 415.0 1.779 2.46
MUR 152 0.704 1.00E+06 1.00 413.0 1.758 2.42
MUR 153 0.701 1.00E+06 1.00 408.0 1.759 2.36
MUR 250 0.880 1.00E+06 1.00 415.0 1.785 2.90 73.80
MUR 251 0.890 1.00E+06 1.00 410.0 1.827 2.81 73.82
MUR 252 0.880 1.00E+06 1.00 418.0 1.841 2.93 73.77
MUR 253 0.880 2.00E+06 1.00 414.0 3.157 2.97
MUR 254 0.890 2.00E+06 1.00 413.0 3.169 3.07
MUR 258 0.880 2.00E+06 1.00 415.0 3.184 2.60
MUR 259 0.880 2.00E+06 1.00 417.0 3.218 2.82
MUR 260 0.890 2.00E+06 1.00 412.0 3.165 2.68
MUR 261 0.890 2.00E+06 1.00 411.0 3.133 2.67
MUR 264 0.970 5.00E+05 1.00 414.0 0.910 2.00 74.62
MUR 265 0.970 5.00E+05 1.00 412.0 0.906 2.02 74.64
MUR 266 0.970 5.00E+05 1.00 410.0 0.899 2.00 74.40
MUR 269 1.175 5.00E+05 1.00 407.0 0.921 5.17 73.82
MUR 270 1.176 5.00E+05 1.00 414.0 0.924 5.15 73.54
MUR 271 1.168 5.00E+05 1.00 408.0 0.936 5.66 73.87
MUR 272 1.095 1.00E+06 1.00 409.0 1.895 5.00 73.19
MUR 273 1.104 1.00E+06 1.00 417.0 1.900 5.18 73.18
MUR 274 1.079 2.00E+06 1.00 411.0 3.213 6.09
MUR 275 1.075 2.00E+06 1.00 415.0 3.264 6.37
MUR 277 1.009 2.00E+06 1.00 416.0 3.293 4.12
MUR 278 1.008 2.00E+06 1.00 418.0 3.283 4.02
MUR 279 1.046 1.00E+06 1.00 407.0 1.900 3.68 73.95
MUR 280 1.049 1.00E+06 1.00 405.0 1.864 3.57 74.10
MUR 281 1.085 5.00E+05 1.00 412.0 0.884 4.42 73.48
MUR 282 1.090 5.00E+05 1.00 407.0 0.882 3.82 73.82
MUR 283 0.884 5.00E+05 1.00 411.0 0.889 1.77 74.46
MUR 284 0.875 5.00E+05 1.00 409.0 0.897 1.76 74.42
MUR 285 0.868 5.00E+05 1.00 413.0 0.889 1.74 74.46
MUR 286 0.801 5.00E+05 1.00 413.0 0.903 1.67 74.79
MUR 288 0.769 1.00E+06 1.00 412.0 1.817 2.55 74.27
MUR 289 0.765 1.00E+06 1.00 406.0 1.826 2.49 74.37
MUR 290 0.760 2.00E+06 1.00 415.0 3.171 2.71
MUR 291 0.757 2.00E+06 1.00 416.0 3.167 2.77


Table 3-Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution


Blade Velocity VELOCITY_DISTR.dat
Heat Transfer HEAT_TRANSFER.dat
Loss & Angle LOSS_ANGLE.dat


Table 3- Summary of Measured Parameters & Available Data-Files

Blade Velocity Distribution

Description of Experiment

For this particular set of experiments isentropic Mach number distributions were obtained for different loading from local static pressure measurements. Mach number is referred to the upstream total pressure. The central blade of the cascade was equipped with 27 static pressure tappings whose location is shown in Fig 2a-b, each of them is connected to a National Semi Conductor differential pressure transducer. The low pressure ports were connected to a vacuum pump to allow a regular verification of the calibration characteristics. Different experiments have been performed for different values of Mach number and total inlet pressure while the Reynolds number has been kept constant. The data are reported in file VELOCITY_DISTR.dat, where for each test case the measured static pressure in bars is reported for each tap on suction and pressure side as a function of the curvilinear abscissa on the blade profile (in mm). The total inlet pressure, Re and Mach numbers characteristic of the simulation are reported under the test reference number while taps locations are listed in the file PRESSURE_MEASURE_TAPS.dat.


Measurement Errors

The uncertainty on the various measured quantities, the frequency response of the measurement chain and the sampling rate are the same described in 2.1. The repeatability of the results remained within 0.5%. The influence of turbulence intensity and Reynolds number are not considered at this stage. The useful testing time was of the order of 450 ms.


Measured Data

Blade Velocity Pressure measurements: tappings measurements of the static pressure for 27 location on the blade profile: 20 on the suction side 1 on the TE and 6 on the pressure side (Fig 2). The results are reported in the file VELOCITY_DISTR.dat.

Blade Heat Transfer Results

Description of Experiment

For this set of experiments heat transfer distribution were obtained for different Mach and Reynolds numbers and freestream turbulence intensities by means of 45 platinum thin films whose location is shown in Figure 2 and listed in file PRESSURE_MEASURE_FILMS.dat. The latter were painted on a machinable glass ceramic blade replacing the central profile of the cascade.


Measurement Errors

The frequency response of the measurement chain associated whit the thin films (gauges, analogs, amplifier) is above 1kHz. The sampling rate was selected to be 1Khz and signals were filtered at 800 Hz. The useful testing time was of the order of 300 ms. The repeatability of the results was remained within 1%. All tests were performed for un upstream total temperature of about 415-420K.


Measured Data

Heat Transfer Distribution: The final heat transfer values for the 45 thin films used, 27 of which located on the blade suction side (Fig 2), are reported in the file HEAT_TRANSFER.dat. The heat transfer coefficients have been computed from measured heat flux and wall temperature reported in file HEAT_FLUX.dat.

Downstream Loss Coefficient and Angle Distribution

Description of Experiment

For this set of experiments the downstream integrated loss coefficient distribution (area averaged) was obtained as a function of the isentropic exit Mach number. The measurements were performed for three different reynolds number.


Measurement Errors

The uncertainty on the loss coefficient was estimated to be 0.2. The general level of the losses, measured for 1% freestream turbulence, is quite low in the subsonic region. This is explained by the late transiction observed for all configurations with mach below 1.0.


Measured Data

Loss and Angle Distribution:

Loss and angle are reported in file LOSS_ANGLE.dat.


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